No One’s A Mystery Essay

No Ones a secret is mainly approximately innocence and how coming-of-age plays an important role in a relationship. Tallent plays out a contrast between hopeful expectations and disap dappleing globe through the character of a candid, innocent girl involved with an older, experience man. The girl appears to be very agreeable with jackfruit tree, even though he pushes her into hiding below the dashboard, and despite her spirited singing along with Rosanne change on the tape deck, her casual drinking of tequila, and her acceptance of the gift.The curiosity builds when he gives her a five-year diary for her eighteenth birthday, al around foreshadowing a future tense unitedly. The girl had experienced many changes in consequence of being with shucks. Her thoton of innocence is further emphasized as she offers the following insights regarding their future together Jack should be home any minute now, but I dont know if I can wait until by and by the trout a la Navarra to make love to him. In Tallents No Ones a Mystery, the story shows having faith in someone is difficult to do especially when youre in a relationship with a person.In Jack and the girls case, the naive girl questions her future with Jack when he treats her like a shaver and mocks her when she speaks. Jack chooses to mock her realism by challenging her playfully. Although she still has a serious love for Jack, she is now jaded and aware of what difficulties lay a genius. a nonher(prenominal) example would be when she is interrupted by a skeptical remark from the older man she continues, Little Jack is hungry for his supper. Jack laughs as she draws to a close, My nipples are a little sore from nursing Eliza Rosamund. intake traces of sight, smell, sound, and touch, all feed into her introspective outlook, but strangely. The story, No Ones a Mystery by Elizabeth Tallent explores the relationship of ii characters, whom are two rather dis swanable. The young girl in the story remains unkn take and could be considered nave and dim-witted while the guy, Jack, is a chauvinist pig. He uses his 18 year-old admirer as an excuse to make himself think he is still young. It is a way to keep him in the frame of bear in mind that he doesnt need a wife, he can do what he desires and get what he wants without her. Jack doesnt seem to want a predictable life. His comments to his admirer show that he isnt quick to settle down with his wife. For the most part his comments are short and indirect, Its her, he said. She keeps her lights on in the daytime. I cant think of a single habit in a woman that irritates me more than that.This bring up is showing Jack belittling his wife. Its something that would be said in a high school relationship. He also puts her down once again by saying, She thinks its safer. Why does she need to be safer? Shes driving exactly fifty-five miles an hour. She believes in those signs Speed Monitored by Aircraft. It doesnt matter that you can look up and see the sky is rescind Its like he is saying these comments to win his admirers affection. However when Jack saw his wife coming in the distance his actions showed little note for his young admirer. Jack is a selfish person who only cares about himself. Usually cheaters do not look out for others but themselves but he demonstrates it in several ways.The girl notes He pushed me down onto the muddied floor of the pickup and kept one hand on my head while I inhaled the musk of his cigarettes in the dashboard ashtray. This is horrible to have to go through but the girl has fallen in love with him to the point w here(predicate) she doesnt think anything is wrong with the situation. When he saw that I was acquittance to stay still he took his hand from my head and ran it through his own dark hair. Jack has to be authentically inconsiderate to put someone through that. He cares for her about as much as he does with all his pop-tops that are on his truck floor. Later on in their trip J ack tells his admirer what he thinks she will be writing in her diary.I wonder what I ever really saw in Jack. I wonder why I spend so many days just riding around in his pickup. Its true he taught me something about sex. This comment here shows a little about how Jack sees their situation. He knows its not way out to last forever and it will come to and end with in a year. You can tell the two have a very comfortable sexual relationship by the taught me something about sex line in his speech. They are both so comfortable around it that he feels impoverished to joke about it around her. Jacks situation is not one thats seen as mature or respectful among most people. He uses his lover for sex and keeps his wife in the dark of the exclusively situation. It is selfish and wrong for Jack to be acting like this. Jack does what he wants all day and has no respect for either of the two women involved in this affair, therefore showing a childish attitude.

Book Review: the Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains by Nicholas Carr Essay

Many are still quoting from Nicholas Carrs 2008 Atlantic article Is Google Making Us bore? Here in The Shallows What the net income Is Doing to Our Brains, he elaborates to illustrate precisely how the Internet changes our lives. Along the way, Carrs highly entertaining book inspires us of how the enceinte thinkers of past centuries did just fine without a hyperlinked database of all the worlds knowledge at hand.In the 21st century, we are facing the consequences of our deflect and scattered society, and we make choices about the impact of engine room, weighted with assumptions about the temperament of knowledge and intelligence. The Shallows What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains presents a thoughtful, if frightening, look at what were doing to ourselves.We carry to take in information the way the Internet distributes it, in a swiftly moving stream of particles. At best we skim the surface, sooner than go deep into information, and our fragmented journey results in lack o f density and inclusion body.Pay attention as the author cites his own difficulties with exercise and that of others who reign problems with their ability to read and absorb. Sadly much of our reading has become skim and scrolling.In just twenty years, since the webs graphical web browser was created, the Internet has become the communication and information medium of choice. Those of us who grew up in an analog youth can still remember when AOL was the lapse consumer choice for web use. Do you remember AOLs weekly parcelling of a limited amount of web surfing?Carr colors his abbreviation with interesting stories and profiles of some of the worlds sterling(prenominal) thinkers and writers, including Socrates and Plato. He reaches remote back in time to bring us a all-encompassing understanding of the development of human intellect over centuries.In the youthful 19th century, when first using a typewriter, Nietzsche quickly found a difference in his work when not using pap er and pen. Our writeequipment takes part in the forming of our thoughts.The Shallows illustrates that every technology is an expression of human entrust and changes how we think. The typewriter, sextant, globe, book newspaper and computer are all overlyls for self-expression, our identity and relations with others.In Chapter Four, The Deepening Page, Carr creates an interesting parallel between forthwiths technology divide and Johannes Gutenbergs publish press invention, developed in the mid-15th century. While it was as central an event as the Internet is today, it too was out of reach for the poor, illiterate, isolated or incurious. The biggest difference between the printing press and the web today, other than speed, is the webs bi-directional communication ability. Yet, Carr quotes marshal McLuhan stating, A new medium is never an addition to an old one. Nor does it add the old one in peace.Today, when a printed book is transferred to an electronic thingumajig connected to the Internet, it trolls into something very like a web site, says Carr. Yet, he reflects on what this means, when the ability to continually update a book removes the sense of occluded front from book writing. He raises the question of whether an authors pressure to come across perfection will diminish, along with artistic rigor that pressure imposed.The Jugglers Brain, Chapter Seven, should be mandatory reading for us to understand effects of technology in the school system, after a decade of using hypertext on computer screens instead of printed pages. Over time, it was apparent that evaluating links and navigating paths was mentally challenging, and saucy to the act of reading. Studies quickly determined that hypertext increases readers cognitive load and is more than the norm reader is capable of handling and remembering.As skimming becomes our dominant climate of reading, we as a society and individually, pay a price. With lessened comprehension and compulsive multitas king, were easily distracted, compounding our problems. As Carrsays, The Net is do us smarter, in other words, only if we define intelligence by the Nets own standards.Do yourself a favor and turn off your browser and email while you read the section on attentiveness. It points to a problem many of us experience without understanding, thinking were faced with too much information. The reality may be that changes in our brains, as we use the web, turn us into shallow thinkers.The Shallows is more than a report on the current state of technology in society. The greatest problem is the more we use the web, the more we train our brain to be distracted to process information very quickly and very expeditiously but without sustained attention. Its worth reading this book to remind ourselves that we are responsible for the priorities we set and the choices we make.Reviewers note In the complexity of todays technology, and as proof of the dramatic changes the simple act of reading a book, The Shallows is available in hardcover, as well as a Kindle edition, audio book, CD, Audible Audio edition, cassette and MP3. Such is the reality in the modern world.

Sociologist Karl Marx

A Brief Introduction Mr. Jeff test April 29th, 2009 There are three major theories that depict how sociologists view the world. The theories are functionalist, conflict, and action theory. apiece of these has its own viewpoints of how people affect rescript, and how society affects the people. Each theory has its own group of sociologist to go with it. The theory that a sociologist picks to game has an effect on how they do research and how they look at problems. Schaefer) The graduation exercise theory is Structural Functional Theory, or functionalism. Functionalism is one of the oldest theories, and is still apply today. In functionalism society is made up of different parts, and these parts pass together to keep the society stable. Functionalism relies very much on the scientific method. By relying on the scientific method, the study of sociology raft be spy in the same way one would view the physical world. (McClelland) In functionalism, change is said to happen when p ressure is put on single(a)s by social structures.This is what is known as a macro theory. Macro theories move from the society downward, the society forces the people to change, not the people change society. The following theory is conflict theory. In opposition to functionalism, when society exists in a state of balance and stability, conflict theory says that society is better set forth as existing in a state of constant jumble and conflict in the midst of two groups. Conflict theory has been growing it popularity since the after-hours 1960s.Mevery social and economical problems such as, civil rights movements, and political battles, have minded(p) prime examples of the conflict between the two groups, reinforcing conflict theory. Marx says there is a constant struggle between the haves, and the have-nots. In a capitalistic society, groups interact in a destructive way. (Schaefer) They do this by the more right group exploiting the lower group in order to become more p owerful. This is what causes the unbalance in power. The next theory is interactionist or Symbolic Interaction Perspective.This theory is different from the other two because alternatively of working from the society down in a macro prospective, it works from the individual up, in a micro prospective. Interactionists focus on the subject of human heart at a personal level instead of at a social level. An interactionist wants to know what the person was feeling or how they were bothered by a particular spotlight. Society is made up of patterned and create interactions on personal basis. Because of this the research done by interactionists can be done at a face-to-face level also instead of focusing on the group or groups within society. McClelland) All interactions and reactions between individuals shape the way society works. An interaction can be any contact this includes all language and symbols. This is because interactionists want to understand each individual in society, be cause understanding the individuals will show you how they shape society in the end. (McClelland) In conclusion, these different theories give sociologist a basis to work from. They do play a major role in the way a sociologist conducts research, or gathers information in other ways.Not any of the three theories can be said to be correct in a whole, save sociologists can use all of them to better understand a situation and draw conclusions about it. The theories allow sociologists to develop different viewpoints and find the tendencies between them. References Berlin, Isaiah, and Alan Ryan. (1996). Karl Marx His Life and Environment. New York Oxford University Press. Schaefer, Richard T. (2008). Sociology. New York McGraw-Hill. Stanford Encyclopedia Of Philosophy. (2008). Karl Marx. http//www. laspositascollege. edu/library/cited_APA_examples. phpanchorInternet

Mass Media and New York

Racism and Ethnic twist in the Media Is a Serious Problem press Media,2010 Journalists who envisage they live on communities of glossary end up writing stereotypical stories. In the quest popular opinionpoint from her reference with Lena-Snomeka Gomes, Elizabeth Llorente states that unequal and inaccurate representations of minorities becalm persist in the media, and media professionals who be minorities continue to give prejudice in the industry. In Llorentes view, reporters of discolour often odor unwelcome when entering w throwe communities. In addition, she claims new(prenominal) journalists continue to draw upon harmful cultural and religious stereotypes.Diversity and opportunities for minorities in newsrooms besides atomic number 18 lacking, she contends, compounding these problems. Llorente is an award-winning senior reporter forThe Recordin Bergen, brand-new Jersey. A former news economizer, Gomes is a program support specializer at the Homeless Childrens Network in San Francisco. As you read, consider the chase questions 1. According to Llorente, why is practical application ones own ethnic community non necessarily easier? 2. What barriers do reporters face when reporting on immigrants, in the authors view? 3. Why argon in that location still very few minorities in newsrooms, in Llorentes opinion?Elizabeth Llorente, senior reporter forThe Recordin Bergen, New Jersey, was recently honored with the move Achievement Award from the Lets Do It infract Workshop on Race and Ethnicity at the Columbia University Graduate cultivate of Journalism. Llorente was honored for her to a greater extent than 10 years of reporting on the nations changing demographics. Her series, Diverse and Divided, documented the racial tensions and political struggles between Latino immigrants and Afri lav Ameri brush asides in Patterson, N. J. Llorente spoke withNewsWatch active the nuances of reporting on cannonball along and ethnicity.Lena-Snomeka Gom es What are more or less of the major barriers journalists face, especially journalists of color when writing about race and ethnicity? Elizabeth Llorente Well it depends on what they look like. For example, I hunch over that some of the African American reporters that I go for worked with have spoken about feelings of universe unwelcome, especially when theyre covering white areas. And there are also former(a) reporters who feel different beca drop they stand out from the time they walk into a room. People make assumptions about them. I have been told that its hard to verbalise what my race is.Is this positive or negative? Maybe it helps when Im doing a business relationship about tension and whites are part of the tension. Sometimes, I suspect, they open up more beca pulmonary tuberculosis they dont know that I am Hispanic. Perhaps, they would non have been as candid had they known. However, its not necessarily easier to cover stories in your own ethnic community or commun ities similar to yours. If you criticize people and they didnt like it, they are usually less forgiving. They take it somebodyal and see you as a traitor, especially when the stories involve a politically charged group.Do you guess journalists of color are resistant to writing about race and ethnicity because they dont want to be typecast so to speak? There are people who intend that and I dont blame them. Sometimes thats all the papers will let them do, and the papers dont value their work. In that regard, its a thankless job. When you come foul with a slap-up story, they dont see the skill and the talent it took to report and write that story. They think, of course, you wrote well because youre one of them. They automatically assume it was easy for you to get the story.They whitethorn even question your objectivity. But, when Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Rick Bragg went to the South to write about the animation he knew, no one said, of course its easy for him because hes from the South. No, they said, wow hes a great writer. Do you think stories about race and ethnicity still face being calendared for special events or has there been more sustained reportage and focus? Its gotten much better. Stories used to be covered for Black narrative Month or Cinco de Mayo, alone now beats have been created slightly race and ethnicity.Beat reporters have to write all year. Reporters are interested in writing about race and ethnicity. They want to cover these issues. Now the future(a) level journalism needs to go to is to spread the responsibility of covering race and ethnicity among all reporters, in all sections of the paper, business section, education, transportation, and municipal. Coverage has to be more comprehensive. It cannot be reserved for indisputable reporters, because race and ethnicity is such a huge area. Immigration Stories How do stories about immigration differ from other stories about race and ethnicity?If youre writing about second or troika generation Cubans, youre writing about Americans, a minority group that has some stake here. With immigrants, youre writing about people who are newer, who dont necessarily feel American. They are still transitioning into this national culture. They are rebuilding their identities. For example, they may not have a sense of (their) civil rights here or of American racism. What skills do journalists have to master in order to report evenhandedly and accurately on immigrant communities? First of all, you need to have a entirely open mind.This is especially important when youre covering immigrant communities. So some(prenominal) of us think that we know the immigrant groups, but many of us only know the stereotypes. Too often we set out to write stories that end up marginalizing people in harmful ways because the stories tend to exacerbate those stereotypes. Or we ignore the stories that do not conform to the stereotypes. For example, if were going to write about Hispanic com munities, instead of looking for Hispanics in the suburbs, we tend to go where we can most readily reclaim them, in Miami, Spanish Harlem, and in the Barrio.We keep open telling the same stories and giving it the same frame, because its an easy thing to do when youre on a deadline. The result is an ok story. But immigration stories are diverse. They are not only in enclaves, but also in places we never thought about finding them in, such as in once exclusively white suburbs and rural America. Perhaps Hispanics in the barrio is a valuable story, but that is no longer the Hispanic story. It is a Hispanic story. Okay, once you find (immigrant communities) how do you communicate with them? Its tough.Not knowing the language can be difficult. But the key is to sensory facultyt out with the attitude of not settling for less. Start out speaking with the leading, but only as a vehicle to reach the other people who are not always in the papers. Too many of us s natural covering with the leaders and that is not enough. Ask them to introduce you or ask them if you can use their name to open up a few doors for you to speak with others in the community. However, covering immigrant communities doesnt mean encountering a language barrier. Many people have a basic knowledge of English.You can still conduct an interview with someone who only speaks survival English. But, you will also run into a lot of people who dont speak English. If you make the effort, if youre patient, if you speak slower and are conscious of the words you use, if you make sure they at a lower placestand what you are intercommunicate them, if you tune in, youll make the connection. Finally, if language is a barrier and youre not comfortable, find someone who is bilingual to help you interpret. How can journalists write balanced stories if they proceed from the stereotypes?Ask the person youre interviewing to break down those stereotypes. You can tell the person that there is a particular stereotype and ask them if it is true or not. Journalists have the unique role and power to help break the stereotypes down. What does receiving the Career Achievement Award mean to you? I was hoping that it would mean that I could hand over and go sailing and write my novels from a log cabin. After I checked my retirement savings, I realized, that aint gonna happen for a long time. Its enough to get awards, but when you get one its usually for a certain story or project.This is like a terrific embrace that says, you know, you hit the ball out of the park again and again. You set a commonplace in this business. At a career level, you have done great work. Its just a nice sweeping kiss and hug to me. The finale of Journalism Tell me some of the successes Lets Do It Better has had and some of the ways in which it has impacted the culture of journalism. I think one wonderful thing they did, under Sig Gissler (original founder), was that they targeted the gatekeepers. His model approach was to go directly to the top management.Gissler wanted to show them good reporting that reached a higher level and how stories about race were more nuanced. He wanted them to read the stories and whence to talk to the folks who wrote them so they could learn how to do these types of stories. Did the top oppose? Yes I saw conversions. People who started out cynically were changed by the utmost day. They were beginning to look at race and ethnicity stories critically. They were going to raise their standard. They odd the workshops believing that their news organizations needed more diverse voices.Why, are there still so few people of color in newsrooms instantly? Too many employers are prejudiced. Too many minorities are still being hired under a cloud of doubt. I dont think many minorities are hired with the notion that they will be star reporters. They are not nurtured. Then when minority journalists leave its seen as a betrayal, but when whites leave, its considered a good career move. I have worked with many white reporters who have had many opportunities in training and promotions, and nobody says theyre thankless s. o. b. s when they leave.Can we keep doing it better? Of course. There are still so many stories we are not getting that are out there. Journalists who think they know communities of color end up writing stereotypical stories and they use photos to make people look exotic. In fact, we need to pay more attention to photojournalism. A story can be fair and balanced, but if that picture projects the exotic stereotype, the story loses its value. Dont bypass a photo of a person because they dont look ethnic enough. Take a picture of the redheaded Mexican or the Muslim women wearing Levi jeans.Further Readings Books * Bonnie M. AndersonNews ostentation Journalism, Infotainment, and the Bottom-Line Business of Broadcast News. San Francisco Jossey-Bass, 2004. * Ben BagdikianThe New Media Monopoly. Boston Beacon Press, 2004. * Michael A. BanksBlogg ing Heroes Interviews with 30 of the Worlds pass Bloggers. Indianapolis Wiley Publishing, 2008. * Pablo J. BoczkowskiDigitizing the News Innovation in Online Newspapers. Cambridge, MA MIT Press, 2004. * L. Brent BozellWeapons of Mass Distortion The Coming Meltdown of the Liberal Media. New York Three Rivers Press, 2005. Asa Briggs and puppet BurkeA Social History of the Media From Gutenberg to the Internet. 2nd ed. Malden, MA Polity, 2005. * doubting Thomas de ZengotitaMediated How the Media Shapes Our World and the Way We Live in It. New York Bloomsbury Publishing, 2005. * David Edwards and David CromwellGuardians of baron The Myth of the Liberal Media. London Pluto Press, 2006. * Robert Erikson and Kent TedinAmerican Public flavour Its Origins, Content, and Impact. Updated 7th ed. New York Pearson/Longman, 2007. * Dan GilmoreWe the Media Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People.Sebastopol, CA OReilly, 2006. * tom turkey GoldsteinJournalism and trueness Strange Bedfe llows. Chicago Northwestern University Press, 2007. * Doris A. GraberMedia Power in Politics. 5th ed. Washington, DC CQ Press, 2007. * Neil hydrogenAmerican Carnival Journalism under Siege in an Age of New Media. Berkeley, CA University of California Press, 2007. * Henry JenkinsConvergence shade Where Old and New Media Collide. New York NYU Press, 2006. * Steven JohnsonEverything Bad Is near for You How Popular Culture Is Making Us Smarter. New York Riverhead Trade, 2005. Lawrence Lessig warrant Culture How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and underwrite Creativity. New York Penguin, 2004. * Charles M. Madigan, ed. 30 The Collapse of the American Newspaper. Chicago Ivan R. Dee, 2007. * David W. MooreThe Opinion Makers An Insider Exposes the Truth Behind the Polls. New York Beacon Press, 2008. * Patrick R. ParsonsBlue Skies A History of line Television. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 2008. * Neil PostmanAmusing Ourselves to Death Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business. 20th anniversary ed.New York Penguin Books, 2005. * Metta SpencerTwo Aspirins and a comedy How Television Can Enhance Health and Society. Boulder, CO Paradigm Publishers, 2006. Periodicals * Dennis AuBuchon Free Speech and the Fairness Doctrine,American Chronicle, March 19, 2009. * Greg Beato The Spin We Love to scorn Do We Really Want News Without a Point of posture? Reason, December 2008. * Jeffrey Chester Time for a Digital Fairness Doctrine,AlterNet, October 19, 2004. * Edward W. Gillespie Media Realism How the GOP Should trade Increasingly Biased Journalists,National Review, April 6, 2009. Nicole Hemmer Liberals, Too, Should Reject the Fairness Doctrine,Christian perception Monitor, November 25, 2008. * R. Court Kirkwood What Did or Didnt Happen at Duke,New American, September 18, 2006. * Richard Perez-Pena Online guard dog Sniffs for Media Bias,New York Times, October 15, 2008. * Eugene Robinson (White) Women We Love,Washington Post, June 10, 2005. * Joseph Somsel Megaphone Envy and the Fairness Doctrine,American Thinker, March 19, 2009. * tour Thierer The Media Cornucopia,City Journal, Spring 2007. * Evan Thomas The Myth of Objectivity,Newsweek, March 10, 2008.

Exam Notes

Chapter 1- PRE MID take aim Questions 1) What argon the ch exclusivelyenges of take a leaking in the unfermented economy 2) What be the arrangements like in the invigorated drubplace? 3) Who be the managers and what do they do? 4) What is the oversight pricess? 5) How do you l fetch the essential managerial skills and competencies? Overview of the twenty-first century educateplace -Organizations must adapt to rapidly ever- changing society -Economy is globular and driven by innovation and applied science -High do companies gain extraordinary results from sight plumping for them -Inter dependant, fellowship based field of force indecisiveness 1Intellectual Capital- People be the ultimate run agroundations of organizational writ of execution, it is the incorporated brainiac or shared knowledge of a live onforce that can be physical exercised to create value. A knowledge worker adds to the intellectual superior of an organization. Globalization- National bou ndaries of world business welcome mostly disappeared. Globalization is the widely dishd interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterize the new economy. Technology- There is an increasing demand for knowledge workers with the skills to full utilize the engineering science such as (internet computers and knowledge technology)Diversity- Workforce diversity reflects differenes with respect to gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, informal orientation, and able bodiednes. Creates a diverse and multicultural workforce but challenges and offers opportunities to employers. Ethics- principle of virtuous principles, society requires business to operate according to uplifted moral standards. Emphasis today is on restoring the strength of corporate governance. get enquire 2 Some Critical skills for success in the workplace are mastery, contacts, entrepreneurship, love of technology, marketing, passion for renewal.Organization- A coll ection of large number working unitedly to achieve a greens purpose. Organizations provide profitable goods and or service that return value to society and satisfy customer privations. Organizations are undefended Systems- Composted of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a commonplace purpose and interact with their environments. They transform resource inputs into product outputs(goods and serve). Environmental feedback tells organization how well it is meeting the claims of customers and society.organisational Performance- value is created when an organizations operations ads value to the original cost of resource inputs. Value creation occurs when businesses earn a profit or nonprofit organizations add wealth to society. Organizational Performance -Productivity an overall sum of m iy of the quantity and role of work surgery with resource utilization taken into account -Performance theatrical rolefulness An output survey of task or goal accomplishme nt -Performance Efficiency An input measure of the resource costs associated with goal accomplishmentWorkplace changes that provide a context for analyse management belief in kind-hearted capital, demise of command and determine, emphasis on ag congregationwork, Preeminence of technology, Embrace of networking, New workforce expectations, patronage for work-life balance, focus on speed. subscribe to QUESTION 3 Importance of gay resources and managers toxic workplaces that treat employees as costs, High performing organizations treat people as valuable strategic assets, managers must ensure that people are treated this way.Manager- a well-nighbody in an organization who supports and is liable for the work of others, they are the virtuosos who help those whose tasks represent the real work of the organization. Levels of trouble a)Top Managers- prudent for slaying of an organization as a whole or for one of its larger parts. b) Middle managers- in shoot of relatively large departments or divisions. c) Project managers- coordinate complex projects with task deadlines d) Team Leaders or supervisors- in charge of a small work group of non-managerial workers.Reponsibilities of team leading Plan meetings and work schedules, clarify goals and tasks, and gather ideas for improvement, appraise implementation and counsel team members, recommend pay raises and new assignments, recruit, dumbfound and shoot for team members, encourage racy surgery and teamwork, inform team members close organization goals and expectations, inform higher levels of work unit pick ups and accomplishments, orchestrate with others teams and support the rest of the organization. Types of Managers a)Line Managers responsible for work activities that directly affect organizations outputs. )Staff managers use technical expertise to advise and support the efforts of line workers c) Functional managers responsible for a single area of an activity d) General managers responsible fo r much complex units that include many functional areas. e) Administrators work in customary and nonprofit organizations. Managerial Performance and Accountability- accountability is the requirement of one person to answer to a higher authority for relevant performance results. Effective managers fulfill performance accountability by helping others to achieve high performance outcomes and experience satisf achievement in their work.Quality of work life (qwl) an index finger of the overall quality of piece experiences in the workplace. Some indicators are charming pay, safe working conditions, opportunities to learn and use new skills, room to stand up and progress into a career, protection of individual rights, pride in work itself and in the organization. High performing managers build working kinds with others, help others develop their skills and performance competencies, foster teamwork, create a work environment that is performance driven and provides satisf bodily proc ess for workers.The organization as an upside down gain each individual is a value-added worker. A managers business sector is to support workers efforts. The scoop managers are known for helping and supporting. STUDY QUESTION 4 Management is the member of protrudening, organizing, leading and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals. solely managers are responsible for the four functions, and they are carried on continually. Functions of management a) planning the abut of setting objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. ) Organizing- the address of assigning tasks, allocating resources and arranging the coordinated activities of individuals and groups to implement plans c) Leading- the process of arousing peoples enthusiasm to work hard and direct their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives. d) Controlling- the process of measuring work performance, canvass results to objectives and fetching correct ive action as needed Managerial activities and roles a) Interpersonal roles- involve interactions with persons inside and outside the work unit b) Informational roles- Involve giving, receiving, and analyzing of culture. ) purposeal Roles- involve using information to make ends in order to solve conundrums or address opportunities Characteristics of managerial work Managers work big hours, work at an intense pace, work at a fragmented and varied tasks, work with many commutation media, work largely though interpersonal relationships. Agenda setting- Development of action priorities for ones job, includes goals and plans that span long and short Networking- The process of building and maintaining positive relationships with people whose help may be needed to implement ones work agendasSTUDY QUESTION 5 innate managerial skills Skill-the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in coveted performance Technical skill- the ability to apply a special development or expertise to perform particular tasks* lower level managers nurse more(prenominal) than of this Human skill- the ability to work well in cooperation with others abstract skill- the ability to think critically and analytically to solve complex problems. * swipe level managers have more of this Managerial Competency- A skill-based capability that contributes to high performance in a management job.Managerial competencies are implicit in Planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Informational, interpersonal, an decisional roles. Agenda setting and networking. Chapter 7-PRE MID Study Questions 1) How is information technology changing the workplace? 2) What is the role of information in the management process? 3) How do managers use information to make decisions? 4) What are the whole tones in the decision- make process? 5) What are the current issues in managerial decision making? STUDY QUESTION 1Knowledge and knowledge workers provide a decisive competitory factor in toda ys economy. Intellectual Capital- shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create wealth * irreplaceable organizational resources* Electronic commerce- the process of buying and selling goods and services electronically through use of the internet. Implications if IT within organizations Facilitation of communcation and information sharing, operating with fewer middle managers, flattening of organizational structures, faster decision making and increased coordination and control.How IT is changing the office progressive organizations activiely use it to help achieve high performance in uncertain environments. Key developments in networked offices are instant put across and peer to peer sharing (p2p) STUDY QUESTION 2 Data- warm facts and observations Information- Data made useful for decision making drives management functions Characteristics of useful info timely, high quality, complete, relevant, understandable. Information system- Use of the latest IT to collect, orga nize and distribute data for use in decision making.Management Information System (MIS)- specifically designed to meet the information needs of managers in daily decision making. Decision to support syste (DSS)- An interactive information system that allows users to organize and probe data for solving complex and sometimes unstructured problems. Group Decision Support System (GDSS)- facilitates group efforts to solve complex and unstructured problems. *use groupware Artificial Intelligence (AI)- computer systems with the capacity to reason the way people do. Expert Systems (ES)- Software systems that use AI to mimic the thinking of human experts.Managerial advantages of IT utilizations 1) Planning advantaes- expose and more timely access to useful information, involving more people in planning. 2) Organizing advantages- more ongoing and informed communication among all parts of the organization, improved coordination and integrating 3) Leading advantages- improved communication with ply and stakeholders, keeping objectives clear. 4) Controlling advantages- more immediate measure of performance results, allows real-time solutions to performance problems STUDY QUESTION 3Performance insufficiency- actual performance being little than desired performance Performance opportunity- actual performance being better than desired performance Problem Solving- the process of identifying a discrepancy amongst actual and desired performance and taking action to resolve it. Decision- a choice among possible alternative course of action. Programmed decisions- apply solutions that are pronto available from past experiences to solve structured problems, these problems are ones that happen oft and are familiar.Nonprogrammed decisions- develop novel solutions to meet the demands of unique situation that presents unstructured problems. Commonly faced by higher-level management Crisis Decision making a crisis involves an unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not firm quickly and appropriately. Certain Environment- offers complete info about possible action alternatives and their outcomes Risk Environment- lacks complete info about action alternatives and their consequences, but offers some estimates of probabilities of outcomes for possible action alternatives.Uncertain Environments- Information is so poor that probabilities cannot be delegate to likely outcome of known action alternatives. Systematic v/s intuitive thinking- dogmatic thinking go upes problems in a keen-sighted step by step and analytical fashion. Intuitive thinking approaches problems in a flexible and spontaneous fashion. Multidimensional thinking applies both intuitive and systematic thinking. Effective multidimensional thinking requires skill at strategic opportunism. STUDY QUESTION 4 Decision making Process blackguard 1- Identify and define the problem focuses on information gathering, info processing and deliberation. Decsion objectives should be established Step 2- Generate and evaluate possible solutions potential solutions are formulated and more info is ga in that locationd, data are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of alternative solutions are identified. Step 3-decide on a preferred course of action classical decision personate managers act rationally in a certain world, managers face understandably defined problems and have complete knowledge of all possible alternatives and their consequences this results in an optimizing decision.OR behavioral decision model managers act in terms of what they discriminate about a given situation, recognizes limits to human information-processing capabilities, they will choose the showtime satisfactory alternative Step 4- Implement the decision solution involves taking action to make sure the solution decided upon becomes a reality, managers need to have freeness and ability to implement action plans. Step 5- evaluate results involves comparing actual and desired results, positive and n egative consequences of chosen course of action should be examined.STUDY QUESTION 5 Availability Heuristic- people use information readily available from memory as a basis for assessing a current event or situation Representativeness Heuristic- People assess the likeliness of something happening based upon its similarity to a stereotyped set of occurrences Anchoring and allowance Heuristic- People make decisions based on adjustments to a introductoryly existing value or starting point. Ethics double check- any decision should follow this morals rule ask yourself how would I feel if my family found out about this decision? how would I feel if this was published in the newspaper *ethical decisions satisfy the following criteria utility, rights, justice, caring. Chapter 2- POST MID Study Questions 1) what can be learned from classical management thinking? 2) What ideas were introduced by the human resource approaches? 3) What is the role of quantitative abridgment in management ? 4) What is unique about the systems view and contingency thinking? 5) What are the proceed management themes of the 21 century? STUDY QUSTION 1Classical Approaches to management 1) Scientific Management-(Frederick Taylor) Decelop rules of motion , standardized work implements and proper working conditions for every job. Carefully destine workers with the right abilities for the job. Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives. Support workers by carefully planning their work and removing obstacles. (The Gilbreths) Motion study, science of reducing a job or taskt to its basic physical motions. Eliminating wasted motions imporves performance. ) Administrative Principles ( Henri Fayol) RULES OF focal point a) foresight- co complete a plan of ation for the future b) organization- tp provide and circulate resources to implement the plan c) coordination- to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems are solved. d) Control- to make sure thi ngs happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT a) Scalar chain- there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the conduct to the bottom of the organization. ) Unity of command- each person should receive orders from only one boss c) Unity of direction- one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective. MARY PARKER FOLLET Group and human cooperation Groups are mechanisms through which individuals can combine their talents for a greater good, Organizations are cooperating communities of managers and workers. Mangagers job is to help people in the organization cooperate and achieve an integration of interests.Forward-looking management insights making every employee an owner creates a sense of collective responsibility (precursor of employee ownership, profit sharing, an gain sharing). Business problems involve a variation of inter-related factors. Private profits relative to public go od (precursor of managerial ethics and social responsibility) 3) bureaucratic Organization (max Weber)- Bureaucracy is an ideal intentionally rational and very efficient form of organization. Based on principles of logic, order, and legitimate authority.Characteristics of Bureaucratic organizations clear division of labor, clear hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, impersonality, careers based on merit. STUDY QUESTION 2 Human resource approaches include 1) Hawthorne Studies sign tudy examined how economic incentives and physical conditions affected worker output. No consistent relationship found. Psychological factors influenced results. Relay assembly test room studies manipulated physical work conditions to assess impact on output, was designed to minimize the psychological factors of previous experiment.Factors that accounted for increased productivity group atmosphere and participative supervision. Employee attitutes, interpersonal relations and group proces ses- some things satisfied some workers but not others, people limit output to adhere to group norms. Lessons from the Hawthorne Studies Social and human concerns are keys to productivity, hawthorne effect-people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected. 2) Maslows theory of human needs- a need is a physiological or psychological deficiency a person feels compelled to satisfy.Need levels physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualization. Deficit principle- a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior Progression principle- a need becomes a motivator once the preceding ower level need is satisfied. * twain principles cease to perate at a self actualization level 3) McGregors possibleness X assumes that workers dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, resist change, prefer to be led. McGregors Theory Y assumes that workers are willing to work, capable of self control, willing to accept responsibility, imaginative and creative, capable of self d irection.Implications of Theory x and y managers create self fulfilling prophecies, theory x managers create situations where workers become dependent and reluctant. Theory Y managers create situations where workes respond with initiative and high performance * central to notions of empowerment and self management 4) Argyriss theory of self-aggrandizing personality classical management principles and practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent with the mature adult personality.Management practices should accommodate the mature personality by increasing task responsibility, increasing task variety, using participative decision making. STUDY QUESTION 3 Management science (operations research) foundations scientific application of numeral techniques to management problems. Techniques and applications include mathematical forecasting, inventory modeling, linear programming, queuing theory, network models, simulations.Quantitative analysis today- use of staff and specia lists to help managers apply techniques, software and hardware developments have expanded potential quantitative applications to managerial problems. Good judgement and clutches for human factors must accompany use of quantitatitve analysis. STUDY QUESTION 4 System-collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose. Subsytem- A smaller component of a larger system light systems- organizations that interact with their environments in the continual process of transforming resource inputs to outputs.Contingency thinking- triest to match managerial respinses with problems and opportunities unique to different situations. * espically indicidual or environmental differences. No one lift out way to manage. Appropriate way to manage depends on the situation. STUDY QUESTION 5 Quality and performance excellence- managers and workers in progressive organizations are quality conscious. * wuality and competitive anaylsis are linked Total Qaulity Management (TQ M) Comprehensive approach to continupus quality improvement for a total organization, creates context for the value chain.Global Awareness- rack for quality and performance excellence is created by a highly competitie global economy. Has promoted increasing intrest in new management concepts process engineering, virtual organizations, supple factories, network firms. Adoption of the theory Z management practices. Core Factors of a leraning Organization -mental models -personal mastery -systems thinking -shared vision -team learning In the 21st century managers must be Global strategists, masters of technology, inspiring leaders and models of ethical behaviour.

Food Wastage Essay

solid victuals wastage is a problem faced by e precise developing and certain country around the world. According to a book by Tristram Stuart, redundance find the Global Food S trampdal(Penguin, 2009), approximately 40 million tonnes of pabulum atomic number 18 beetle removed by US households, retailers and fare services each year. This is enough to feed the nearly cardinal meg malnourished hoi polloi in the world. Yet in spite of this trend, peope continue to foul up pabulum at an alarming rate. Currently, a third of nutriment produced around the world for mankind consumption is lost or wasted.This is equivalent to ab egress 1. 3 billion tons of edible food every year, and less than a suck of it is enough to satisfy the hunger of every hungry individual in the world. In Hong Kong, 32 tonnes of solid food waste is produced each day, where the mast legal age is dumped on the landfills which are running out of space. In tropical climates same(p) Hong Kong, the dec omposition of these food emit harmful greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide which capture and retain heat in the atmosphere.This accelerates and exacerbates the severity of world-wide warming. If we stop wasting food that could bugger off been consumed, it would be equivalent to reduction the carbon footprint of one in every four cars on the road. It is also worth noning that, by reducing the amount of food waste that is being sent to the landfill, we can extend the lifespan of the landfills in appendix to reducing the burden on Hong Kongs environment. That being said, it is time we engage follow through to curb the trend of food wastage.In my opinion, there are three strategies to counter this pertinent issue at hand campaigns by non-government organizations, distribution of free pamphlets in supermarkets, and government constitution control on food dispenses in eating places. In order the ameliorate the problem of food wastage, it is important to start fro m the root of the issue-providing education and enhancing social awareness done campaigns. In my opinion, most deal are unaware of the severe repercussions that food wastage brings to the environment. By educating the people and raising the awareness, it is fair to say that the problem pass on at least be mitigated.Campaigns would be a good guidance to start, and Hong Kong should follow the determine in the UK. Love Food, Hate Waste is a non-profit organization in the UK which aims to raise awareness of the need to shrink food waste as well as encourage people to adopt action. It teaches people easy, practical tracks to do at home that helps people waste less food and at the same time, save bullion and help the environment. For example, it has a user-friendly website which teaches people everything from how to store foods longer to how to guide use of leftover foods from dinner for their next meal.It even has a portion tool that helps to estimate approximately how much foo d a person needs for the meal, based on the type of food it is and the number of people consumingit, so that there is a lower chance of food wastage. For example, if an big(p) would like to carry a bun in the oven beef for dinner, it would be approximately 100grams whereas for a child, it would be about 70grams. Love Food, Hate Waste is a successful model that Hong Kong should aim to emulate, because it has user-friendly, practical ways that people can follow so that food waste can be effectively reduced.Another way to alleviate food wastage is to provide free brochures in every supermarket in Hong Kong, so that it raises the awareness of the people. This will help them make informed choices on the quantity of food to buy, as well as how to store them such that they take a longer time to expire. For example, wrapping vegetables in composition helps prolong its shelf life. Also, sealing off leftover food in a jar and placing them into the freezer helps exend its expiry date by a f ew days, if not weeks. Another example is separating apples from other fruits.This is because they give off ethylene gas, which will make other fruit become ripe . That being said, this method of discouraging food waste may be expensive. Printing millions of brochures is economically and environmentally costly. A larger amount of notes has to put aside for the production of the brochures, while heaps of paper would have to be used to print them. It may be a realistic means to raise awareness on food wastage however it is not the best option available. Last but not least, the government can implement a policy that regulates food portions in restaurants.People waste considerable amounts of food when they eat out, and one of the possible reasons is that they cannot finish their food. Therefore, one proposal is that the government can first impose a policy that controls the portion of meals served by restaurants, in order to wither down on the unnecessary food wasted. Restaurants ca n provide three serving portions for the client to choose from-small, regular and large. This provides the suitable quantity of food for the customers such that it balances food wastage and customer satisfaction. Customers who are unable to finish their food will have to pay a penalty or fine.However, this proposal may be sit well with the people in Hong Kong. Some restaurants lure customers with their large food portions for a comparatively cheaper price, and hence if the government were to regulate the food portion of each restaurant, it would certainly face opposition from the owners of these restaurants. Not to mention, it is very difficult to eyeshade the exact quantity of food of each restaurant to determine which category they fall into. While this may be a possible option in future, it is certainly too difficult to measure and monitor this over a long period of time.Large amounts of resources would have to be put in for a policy which may not be popular or effective at all. All in all, food wastage is an urgent problem that needs our immediate attention. Swift action would have to be taken if we were to mitigate this issue before it goes out of hand.We as the citizens of the world should be aware and take responsibility and reduce the environmental impact of solid food waste. The first step to achieving this cultivation is to advocate campaigns and follow the successful model of Love Food, Hate Waste in the UK. Only then will we start to have a clearer conscience and a better environment to live in.

Asdasdas

Lets discuss some(prenominal) brieflyPoverty school principals awards a gap between poor and wealthy and this gap make believe wideband the poor becomes poorer and rich, richer. This situation leads the propelled towards frustration and to get normal they harm their own self restoratives society. Thus, this frustration leads the young mountain towards addiction of drugs or crimes. They start smuggling, contribute thefts to snatcher so called honorable and this leads towards societal insecurity and sports volume. battalion are killed and robbed and the concept of welfare enounce sidestroker.Moreover, pressure of rolling Inflation and the social inequality,where people see their bloke citizens using luxuries lead poor people thwarted evil of grafting which is public feature of the public sector offices Inpatients. This Increases the greed of the people winning bribery and the wholeheartedly of the public administration get corrupted which is the estateal inpatients. The frustrated people seek refuge under the shelter of drugs and the pro set nation get close towards the doom of destruction.This situational truly much common in Pakistan where unemployment is on the peak indication reference or bribery the good Jobs cannot be secured and the tittered frustrated educated pr pull downtative of the young nation starts outstanding. This story do not ends here. The children are abolished to go to schooling are forced to work for their livelihood. The work conditions and wastewater for such children are dishonourably worst. Yet they are forced to do thrower Like beasts.Due to meagreness fathers cannot afford another social evil thats Jazz and the poor daughter remain unmarried and sometimes commissioned by taking poison or burning themselves and if unfortunately she straddled she has to live with taunts or her In laws kills her and simply dictate hatthe stove get blasted. Moreover, she is tortured for the doings she environs in her life. The women have been the subjected to the social evils before the Islam weaseled on the earth. The Arabs use to entomb their daughter alive. But in caboose Pakistan this tradition seems to be preponderant in other ways. Kara Kari Asian old tradition prevailing in the Kinds province of Pakistan according twitch when a man and women are found suspected to have relations the tribal Jaguar may give the finding of fact to kill them both even if the superstructure could to be proved, which Is against the morality and humanity-Moreover, to secure the situation for the male heirs the female heirs reformed to marry with The Holy Quern which is outrageous and uncomplete Isolator the law enforced In the country allows media,other fashions of the people living in the society of Pakistan also can bookbinderies as evil.There seems to be a veer in the behaviors and actions the people living here, which is making them selfish and greedy. A arena concept of individualism imported from western countrie s, which isms, me, me and only me behavior which indicates towards the behavior of people seeing themselves an individual not the part of wider society. It sonly ones profit that matters even if it is for the cost of others life. Illuminates here in Pakistan do not take the essential measures to dispossess the wastes of their plants because these measures are costly and let theatres and waters of the country tarnish that affect on the health of people.Engineers nobody believes the concepts of right and wrong. We are losing re set where children do not have time for old parents or grandparents and the core values f honesty, tolerance, empathy and respect are ventilated. In context of Pakistan, religious extremism has lead towards maypoles people do not know the true spirit of Islam and commit unjustifiable like suicide bomb blasts and terrorist activities to destabilize topological and social environment of the country.Moreover, there are religiousnesss like Sashays and Sunnis who keep rowing each other. The unreason for such thing is mainly lack of education and political and classlessness. People do not know their rights and others powerful Paleolithic them. This situation is very much severe in the less developed underlay controlled areas of Pakistan. The feudal lords intentionally restrict development of their governed areas as to the basic facilities of education,infrastructure and utilities.Feudal lord is considered the proprietor of not only lands of that area but also the life of people living under his vicinity. Then there are so called festivals and functions which do not relate adaptations as Basalt and Emends. People spoil a percentage of money on disconnections for nothing and cause harm for society. During the festival of Basalt solidifying of innocent people are killed or get injured. Emends creates theses of inequality among the society. The pick up question is here to ask our self.Where are we going? Have any(prenominal) of squash contri buted towards the eradication of these evils? But we dont waste our time on such things and say its the responsibility of government. But,whats our responsibility? To elect that government who do not listens toothier people after they are elected? It is another social evil. non taking transportability for our surroundings. When a business man is required to coupe with all environmental and social issue which