What are the most important considerations?

INTRODUCTIONMultimedia, which is in essence a presentation of information that includes multiples media, is becoming a very important medium in learning. Multimedia learning materials have soared since the growth of internet. Yet its effective must rely on the design was tailored to cater specific audiences.PURPOSEThe purpose of this document is to present the most important considerations when designing a multimedia material for adult learners. This document also further explains these considerations.IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONSOverview of ConsiderationsWhen designing multimedia materials for adult learners, the following important considerations should be taken into account (Lieb, 1991):1) Adults are autonomous and self-directed.2) Adults have accumulated a foundation of life experiences and knowledge that may include work-related activities, family responsibilities, and previous education. Generally these are established values, beliefs, and opinions.3) Â  Adults are goal oriented4) Â  Adults are relevance oriented and practical5) Â  Adults should be respectedOther minor factors which are not very common to all includes, low level literacy, lacking in confidence and displaying a higher level of anxiety towards academic tasks, limited problem-solving and critical thinking skills, and little or no computer-related skills.Autonomous and Self-directedAdult learners tend to be autonomous and self-directed. Thus a multimedia learning material should have the alternatives that may fit the interest of adult learners. It should not be limiting in options but rather acts as guide or facilitating control. Adults can direct themselves to specific areas of interest at a time to achieve the most efficient learning.Established Values, Beliefs, Knowledge and OpinionsAdult learners experience in life has formed established values, beliefs, and opinions. Thus a multimedia learning material should take into account that new ideas and principles should be explained carefully and explicitly. The explanation should connect these ideas and principles to the established values, beliefs and opinions in order for them to understand. Otherwise they might misunderstood it and think that these are not in accordance with their previous knowledge.Goal OrientedAdults are goal oriented so that they should have a purpose in every module or chapter. The multimedia learning material should clear the objective at the start. Without a goal, adult learners tend to loose their interest because to them life experience has taught them that life is all about goals. The multimedia learning material should provide them an organized layout of the content at the start.Relevance oriented and PracticalAdult learners seek relevance of studies in their daily lives. They need to understand the practical purpose of these lessons. Thus multimedia learning materials should relate the ideas to real world scenarios where they offer a certain level of use.RespectThe most important to all of th is is respect. Multimedia learning materials should not try to break the respect by overdoing with jokes to ignite interest.CONCLUSIONMultimedia products should take into consideration the that adult learners are autonomous, have establish values and opinions, goal oriented, relevance oriented, practical and needs respect in order for these products to be effective.ReferencesLieb, S (1991). Principles of Adult Learning. Retrieved from the BALS website: http://balsontheweb.wikispaces.com/Adult+Learning?responseToken=a02492aded209b11678103756fc3f32b ,January 17, 2007

The Qualities that Bullies Share

Bullies have always been a threat to every kid in school, in a neighborhood and even to grown-ups in the workplace. A great number of films, most especially teen flicks, have stereotyped bullies as the students who are largely built to physically abuse much smaller students, football jocks who are very popular that every girl adores them and nerds fear them, and attractive girls who are as popular as the jocks who would pick on not-so attractive girls. However, these are merely stereotypes which are used for cinematic drama but they pose a good reflection of real life bullies.Nonetheless, we cannot simply identify them by race, gender, age or the way they look yet they seem to share certain qualties which are common to bullies. These qualities may be seen in their physical looks, built, family background, and emotional stability. The Qualities that Bullies Share Bullying is defined as a â€Å"behaviour which consistently undemrines another's confidence, reducing feelings of self-wor th and self-esteem† (Field, 51). This definition of the term already gives away an image of a bully.A bully cannot regularly be determined by simply judging his or her physical built but rather the person's emotional and psychological stability. One of the few qualities that bullies have in common is their immaturity in handling responsibilities. They try to be destructively critical of others to justify their inability to handle the situation themselves. For example, in school, a bully student could blame all the faults on his or her laboratory partner once their experiment fails. The bully's inability to accept his or her failure shows how irresponsible and immature the person is.They try to cover up some personal vulnerabilities by picking and finding fault on others. They are always full of complaints without first analysing what their supposed role is. In relation to their immaturity and irresponsibility, another quality which can be present in a bully's personality are t heir insecurities in life. They always seem to have a vision that they are above others. They can be considered to be self-absorbed at some point as they would always target people who they think they can manipulate. They try to degrade other people's self-esteem thinking that they could boost theirs.â€Å"He also injects his own insecurity which is then transferred to the victim† (Field, 52). They try to exhaust their insecurities to their victims to avoid having to face their emotional misery on their own. This behaviour in bullies shows how undeveloped their emotional stability is. They cannot handle emotionally-degrading situations so they they try to deal with it by turning them over to their victims. Their immaturity and insecurities are eating up what could have been an oppurtunity for their characters and skills to develop. ConclusionBullies do not have a particular face or look that one can easily pinpoint. They can be anyone in your surroundings who can produce a lo t of destructive criticisms in a snap of a finger. They may not even be aware that they are committing an act of bullying. A bully is not always the fat guy in school or the handsome jocks portrayed on film. They are people who have problems trying deal with their incapacities by degrading others. Work Cited Field, Tim. Bully in sight: how to predict, resist, challenge and combat workplace bullying : overcoming the silence and denial by which abuse thrives. United Kingdom: Success

Congestive heart Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Congestive heart Failure - Essay Example The ultimate result is that these individual face low economic growth in their lives and sometimes end up in poverty. Treatment of congestive heart failure is long term, which means that a person shall spend a lot of money in treatment rather than using the money to invest in other income generating sectors (Porth 2011). The family members of an individual suffering from CHF usually get affected psychologically. Since the disease is not curable, the family members worry about eminent death of their loved one. The psychological impact may make some family members to go into depression. Additionally, family members will spend a lot of finance in treating the sick family member. In some situations, the family can sell some of their valuable assets or take loans to treat the condition. The ultimate impact is the degradation of the family economy resulting in poverty. When several people in the society suffer from CHF, the society shall lose its workforce members because of the disease burden. This translates into a stagnant economic growth of the society and reduced food production, which can result into malnutrition in the society. Death of an individual’s suffering from CHF may result to children being left orphans, which can be a burden to the community in terms of sustaining them. CHF affects the nursing fraternity in a number of ways for example it leads to increased workload in the hospital making it difficult to handle other patients who need close monitoring. This may result to a nurse providing only some of the nursing care to a patient because the patients are many and must all be attended to (Boutayeb,

Best Practice HRM in Taiwan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Best Practice HRM in Taiwan - Essay Example The aim of the paper is to the transition of human resource management in Taiwan, and to propose recommendations for MNCs that are facing human resource management shift. The best practice model is usually applied to reward system management. Pfeffer develops and describes the impact and importance of HR policies for effective performance and motivation. Following Pfeffer (1998a), "labor markets are far from perfectly efficient, it is nonetheless the case that some relationship exists between what a firm pays and the quality of the workforce it attracts" (p. 80). The aim of this model is to attract and retain the best employees able to create competitive advantage and meet the needs of organization. Motivation factors are the core of this theory. "If the organization enjoys increased profitability and performance as a result of the efforts of its people, then considerations of equity virtually demand that the entire workforce, not just some senior managers share in the returns through higher pay' (Pfeffer 1998a, p. 220). The "best practice" approach helps to achieve effectiveness of performance and specific goals including maintenance of high standards in order to deliver customer satisfaction. Unique talents among employees, including superior performance, productivity, flexibility, innovation, and the ability to deliver high levels of personal customer service are ways in which people provide a critical ingredient in developing an organization's competitive position (Chandler and Mcevoy 2000). People also provide the key to managing the pivotal interdependencies across functional activities and the important external relationships. It can be argued that one of the clear benefits arising from competitive advantage based on the effective management of people is that such an advantage is hard to imitate. An organization's HR strategies, policies and practices are a unique blend of processes, procedures, personalities, styles, capabilities and organizational culture. "Pfeffer (1994) maintains certain employment practices, including internal career ladders, extensive training, worker discretion, extensive training, generally contribute to high levels of organizational performance" (Lawler et al 2003, p. 4). Discussion Section The transition of human resource management in Taiwan is based on the need to adapt the economy and HR practices to changing economic and political environments and create strong workforce. Multinational corporations are often regarded as a potential source of convergence in international HRM in that they are expected to use their international perspective to promote the diffusion of 'best practice' HR techniques. One of the most important consequences of 'best practice' in joint ventures has been the introduction of a more systematic management approach in that the systems were defined in writing, standardized and operated on a regular basis (Chandler and Mcevoy 2000). "Taiwan is particularly noted for its small and medium-sized firms, both in the high-technology sector and in more traditional industries. One advantage of being small is that such organizations can be highly flexible and thus much more responsive to rapidly shifting and unpredictable economic conditions" (Lawler et al 2000, p. 5). A majority of MNCs have placed a

Jovita Critical Self-Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jovita Critical Self-Analysis Paper - Essay Example ulating my diet on food, thinking this idea would establish proper balance to achieve a sound state of mind and emotion while sustaining the right amount of energy with flexible food alternatives in the course of slimming. Charting the progress of my schemed activities, it was apparently struggling to handle a situation when some unfinished corporate / school work had to use up my workout schedule entirely or in part at least. So my tendency would be either to mix and alternate between the two or give up wholly and sacrificially on the workout if there was no good excuse to leave a bulk of tasks under emergency unaccomplished. Moreover, I noticed that when I got overstressed at work, I normally felt discouraged to exercise even after taking a few whiles of relaxation and this lack of motivation to proceed with the regimen resulted into a number of skips which made me compensate for losses on other occasions. There emerged additional trouble as I unconsciously engaged myself in exercising compulsively during these times being inclined to necessitate doubling speed or increasing counts such as in performing sit-ups, jumping, treading, and push-ups. As a consequence, I became lethargic to an extent one t ime, feeling no appetite to carry out any further activities. On the other hand, since I managed to keep the program on a regular basis and completed routine sets with enough discipline and vigor, I could sense an elevated self-esteem and fulfillment knowing that I went through a great deal of time and effort to burn unwanted fats. I observed that a portion of my cheeks turned slender and a significant layer of fat was chiseled off my waistline. Indeed I lost pounds in desired quantities for such change has enabled me to wear some old slim pants and shirts again, confident that I need not have to buy new clothes or improvise style with clothing. Eventually, this implies more savings and financial flexibility on concerns for other aspects of living. Overall, the

The Scarlet Letter Plot Motif Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Scarlet Letter Plot Motif - Essay Example The way in which sin is associated with darkness and repentance to light is well consumed by the writer. The entire romance thus becomes a kind of exposition of nature. The mood of the characters is effectively set using the motifs. All the major actions of the characters can be categorized to those which happen in the darkness and those which happen in light. It takes place at Boston where people consider religion and law almost similar .The door of the jail was flung open. Led by the down beadle, a young woman emerged, bearing in her arms a child. On the breast of her gown appeared the letter A, done in fine red cloths, and elaborately embroidered. She was Hester Prynne who had been ordered to wear the scarlet letter â€Å"A†- â€Å"A† standing for adultery upon her bosom, for the reminder of her life as a mark of shame. Hester went up the steps of the scaffold. She was condemned to stand on the platform of the pillory for a space of three hours, as a mark of public d isgrace. The real sinner, the guilty lover, Dimmesdale is their itself before all, in the cold rays of light. Though he is exposed to deal with the sinner standing in front of him, he successfully hides himself in the darkness of his mind. Before the people like Governor Belligham , the reverend John Wilson ,the eldest clergyman. Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale was assigned the special charge of dealing with the poor sinners soul . It was at Dimmesdale that Hester had brought her scandalous sin. So Dimmesdale, her pastor came forward and exhorted Hester to name the man who was her partner in guilt. Hester says â€Å" Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him †¦. But Hester refused to say the name of the father of her child Pearl instead says â€Å"my child must seek a heavenly father ...† The physician, before whom Hester was brought, is the real husband of her. Being afraid of the reality he also hides himself at the corner of his heart. After the captivity, on the day of her public punishment itself, he came to the town; saw her standing as a sinner. He suddenly raised his fingers near to the lips, thus making her silence about their past relations. They repented each other for misusing their youth. Though Roger begged her to reveal the name of her child’s father, she did not and also promise not to reveal the relation between the two. The period of punishment was over and Hester decided to settle in a small house on the outskirts of the town with her child Pearl. She engaged in needlework .But Pearl was growing up as an undisciplined girl. To save her from the custody of her mother and to bring her up as a good child, the governor Bellingham, Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth decided to take the child away from her. But Dimmesdale interfered and Hester was allowed to keep Pearl. The reverend believes that in the presence of pearl, Hester will not go into darkness. Thus once gain Pearl stand for the powerful light that can brig hten the life of Hester After that Dimmesdale began growing emaciated or the darkness in his mind began to fade always to receive the light of repentance. Roger Chillingworth was there to look after him. â€Å"Chilling worth maniacally uses his skills as a physician to probe, control, and otherwise torture the ailing Dimmesdale† (Johnson 63). The doctor understood that he was much perturbed by feeling of conscience and guilt. Chillingworth, so shrewd he was, could clearly infer the cause of Dimmesdale malady. Probably Dimmesdale was suffering from a troubled conscience because of his involvement with Hester in adultery. Dimmesdale longed to confess his sin from the pulpit of his participation in adulterous act. He wanted to tell the people how impure he was. The anguish in him was so strong to pull him to stand on the pulpit where Hester

Why are gas prices inflated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Why are gas prices inflated - Essay Example However following the slowdown in the Asian economy in the late 90’s there was a sharp fall in price when the barrel came down to 10 dollars. This was also because there was abundance of supply since oil from Iraq had started entering world markets after the Gulf War. (Michael Cohen, 2006) Thereafter the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) managed to restrict the production levels so as to recover the crude oil prices. Since then the prices have soared and have reached levels where the barrel now costs 150 dollars. OPEC is group of 13 countries namely, Algeria, Equador, Angola, Indonesia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Qatar, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and the United Arab Emirates. (Daniel McDonald et al, October 2005 a. Background There have many instances over the past century when oil prices have suddenly gone on upward trend. Most notable among these were the oil increases in 1974, in 1979 and then after the 90’s which was the period after the Gul f war. In a historical perspective the patterns of oil consumptions over the past twenty years have been plotted on the graph. (Ray Barrell and Olga Pomerantz, Dec 2004) Most developed countries depend on oil for their economic stability. Data shows that 40% of OECD energy needs were satisfied by oil while for the non-OECD it was 28%. Japan needs close to 50% of its energy needs to be supplemented by oil. However China despite its booming economy shows a requirement of 20-30% of oil for its energy needs. It has been noted that North America and Europe require 40% of oil to cover their energy requirements. (Ray Barrell and Olga Pomerantz, Dec 2004) South American economies on the other hand have quite a booming and robust vehicle industry which has called for large consumption of oil. Other European countries like Czechoslovakia met 50% of its energy requirements by the use of coal. Data tabulated over the last 30 years show that the consumption of petroleum products have risen from 57.4 million barrels per day in 1973 to 78.7 million barrels per day in 2003 which is jump by 40%. (Ray Barrell and Olga Pomerantz, Dec 2004) Figures have shown that over the last decade while demand for oil shrunk in Europe, the demand for oil in the OECD countries grew by 0.5% per annum on average till 1990. (Ray Barrell and Olga Pomerantz, Dec 2004) However in the other emerging economies like India and China the demand was robust. Latin American countries like Argentina continued to lag behind because of its huge debt crisis. The changes of production pattern in the European economies were also factors in the slight dip in demand. Production patterns were changed to market economies. While oil consumption showed reduction in Czech Republic and Hungary there was a 2% increase in Poland. After the Berlin wall collapsed, Germany and areas to its proximity underwent recession. Oil intensity is a term used to define the quantity of fuel needed to produce purchasing power outputs. (Ra y Barrell and Olga Pomerantz, Dec 2004) In the last twenty years the developed countries like UK, Germany, Italy and France have shown signs of reduced oil intensity. Countries like Portugal and Spain however showed rapid progress with indexes of higher oil intensity. The countries that were steady over the last decade included Sweden and Austria. Compared to the European markets the US markets performed better. US required less quarter of oil to generate a unit of output while the oil intensity of Canada fluctuated between high and low. Compared to the three biggest economies in Europe, US have the largest oil intensity. The oil intensity of Japan has been ascertained to be that between the European and the US levels. During the first

Lee Smiths Oral History, a Depiction Intricacies and Complexities of Essay

Lee Smiths Oral History, a Depiction Intricacies and Complexities of History - Essay Example And perhaps the point of the entire novel is to show readers the different facets of history, making it both rich and confusing; a field which is definitely more than just a simple narration of events in the past. Oral History is deemed by many not only to be Lee Smith's most popular novel, but more importantly her most complex work. The twists and turns that one has to go through reading the novel is quite evident as the piece is very challenging to read, much more to understand. However this complexity seems to be the very vehicle upon which Smith presents to readers the idea of how complex writing or telling history is. In this novel, Smith puts herself and the reader in the shoes of a historian, who is faced with the dilemma of gathering a large collection of stories and accounts of things in the past to present to the public in a simple and straightforward manner. By making the narrative intricate, Smith takes the reader along for a dizzying journey that most serious historians take. Smith cleverly uses different voices and points of view in the stories that the main character, Jennifer Bingham, had to hear.

Robert Frost's Fire and Ice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Frost's Fire and Ice - Essay Example The author used an open form of poetry to effectively express his thoughts and feelings about what the end of the world could be. Scientists are studying the possible end of the world and they have two theories which most probably might happen. That is, that the world will be destroyed through fire, destroying all living things as the consuming of power of fire devours the earth or that the earth will die because of extreme cold. Frost has ingeniously caught the attention not only of the poetics but also of those who base their passions through the study of sciences and goes on to discuss the basic facts of human life that is not only true to the romantics but to the nerds as well. From a general fact, Frost calls the attention of his audience to the contents of a collective unconscious, as the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (Ketkar) phrases it for them to ponder and think of such a necessary matter that is usually taken for granted because of the demands of daily human activities. Th e poem uses parallelism of words to express the pictures in his mind when he talks about desire and hatred equating them to fire and ice, respectively, through the use of metaphors which is otherwise considered a symbolism (http://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com).

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7750 words

Research Proposal Example These may produce negative impact on the outcomes. In order to minimize the impacts of these risks and uncertainties, business organizations, very often go for insuring their assets, physical as well as human capital. However, the decision for purchasing this financial product is not a random decision. Insuring decision of any business organization depends on various factors. Most of the large business houses purchase insurance as soon as they enter into the market or start their operation. However, for small and medium business enterprises (SMEs), non-insurance or under-insurance is a common phenomenon. The proposed study will try to find out the factors that play significant roles behind the making of an insurance decision for SMEs. This study is mainly concerned with Australian SMEs and hence it will focus on insurance decision making of Australian small and medium business enterprise small scale business owners of Gold Coast and Brisbane district. This study will take into accoun t small scale business owners of Gold Coast and Brisbane district. In order to conduct a successful research, it is necessary to conduct a rigorous review of existing relevant literatures. This review of literatures will be helpful in constructing the theoretical framework for the proposed study as well as it will show the gap in existing literatures and will b helpful in providing justification for the proposed study. Since the proposed study is concerned with insurance decision making of SMEs, two types of literatures will be reviewed. First of all, focus will be placed on those literatures which provide some theoretical explanations of insurance decision making under risk and uncertainty. Then focus will be shifted to the empirical findings of the existing literatures relating to the operation of SMEs and their insurance decisions, primarily in the context of Australian market. Risks and uncertainties have attracted attention of a large number of researchers as risks and

Learning & process Essay Example for Free

Learning process Essay Learning is a never ending process. When a person graduates from primary or tertiary education, he or she should never be contented with the knowledge that he or she has acquired. Instead, there should always be a sense of longing, thriving, and enthusiasm for more knowledge. An adult is just equally capable as a person in his prime years to learn and acquire knowledge. One should not consider his age as an obstacle to nurture and nourish his brain with more information that are yet to be acquired. A person should never be contented with whatever little knowledge he has. An adult who enters graduate school has more advantages than disadvantages. An adult would have more experiences in life and in living compared with others, and this would enable the former to connect his experiences with his education. In other words, there would be a more realistic approach to learning. Often, people who enter graduate school with little experience from their jobs would tend to be more idealistic with their views about the theories presented in class. The decision of an adult to enter into graduate school to obtain a master’s degree falls in between the life stages of Transcending and Life Calling. These stages talks about a person’s journey in life wherein he has already mastered his craft and already knows his strengths and weaknesses. As such, he would now use this knowledge to achieve his goal in life. Thereafter, this person may now realize his purpose and this is associated with his life calling. The reason for living of the person becomes clear, and he is now ready to make radical steps for the realization of his goal. The decision to enter into graduate school is not easy. But, a person who has a clear idea of what he wants in life would not think twice about making this decision. The person would view graduate school as a means, a tool to enable him to achieve his goal to make him successful. Resources: Manifest Your Potential. 2004-2005. The Eight Stages of Life. Retrieved from http://www. manifestyourpotential. com/en/lifeskills/lifestages/eight_stages. htm

The process of decolonization within the British Empire from 1890 to 1997 Essay Example for Free

The process of decolonization within the British Empire from 1890 to 1997 Essay In reviewing the process of decolonization within the British Empire from 1890 to 1997, how far do you agree that the Boer War was the key turning point in Britains relationship with its Empire? Decolonization is the withdrawal of the British Empire and in turn the granting of sovereignty to the original occupiers of the territory. It has been suggested that the Boer War may have been the main cause of the demise of the British Empire, which can be seen as the key to some extent. The Boer took place between 1899 and 1902 and was between the British and the Dutch, taking place in South Africa. However, other factors such as the two world wars and other independent struggles such as the giving back of India and the Suez Crisis can arguably be seen as contributing to its decline. The Boer War, which took place in a Dutch Colony in South Africa ultimately ended in the British conquering the Boers which, after 3 long years of fighting in a battle that would be over by Christmas, did not however, but was successful in severely damaging British pride and her economy. Thus, other nations began to see the British Empire as a diminished force; consequentially leading in Britain losing their label as being the only world super power. Milner who along with Chamberlain and Rhodes was later blamed for the whole catastrophe, decided to invade South Africa, on the acclaim that there was an enormous fortune to be made in diamond and gold mining in the Boer republics of the Transvaal. Although Britain won the war, they were not successful however in each battle and proved that the army was not as strong as it was first seen and portrayed. A number of battles took place, such as The Battle of Colenso, as well as battles in Valkanas, Pieters Hill, and the siege of Ladysmith, Kimberly, and Meeting. The British were unfamiliar with these savages, tactics and this often lead to bush fighting, which the English thought to be the wrong way in conducting war. In a letter to Gorge Hull in Kimberley from Walter Hart Wayland near Belmont, Wayland stated that My own opinion is that the Boers will make but a poor stand when once active operations against them begin, referring to how the troops from Orange River will drive the Boers across the boarder. At first the Boers were thought to have not been in the area, which was to be a rather over-confident comment seeing as the British walked straight into an ambush of Boers. 900 were killed on the Magersfontein Hill, using unconventional fighting methods, The loss of 22,000 lives and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½222,000,000 caused the Boer War to be a humiliating experience for the British. How could they be considered one of the worlds elites when it faced so many struggles fighting against savages, in their own colonies? Anti Imperialism grew as a substational amount of the British Public began to disagree with the Government and its tactics. The anti-Boer feeling that was spread by Milner, lead to Britain making an enemy out of the Dutch, and seeing as Holland was so close by, it was not particularly helpful that potential allies disliked each other. Boer General J.C. Smuts, late Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa concluded that Lord Kitchener has begun to carry out a policy in both (Boer) republic of unbelievable barbarism and gruesomeness which violates the most elementary principles of the international rules of war, which depicts the fact that the British were meant to be civilizing the world, and put them in a bad light in the British press back home. The fact that many women and children were killed under British hands, in concentration camps surely proves that even they werent acting in the normal British manner. This also backs up the statistic that 75% who were killed died from horrific conditions and diseases alone. In conclusion, although the Boer war highlighted weaknesses in the British army; draining their sources and creating a low British morale, it was not the only factor in decolonization and does not necessarily mean than the British were any less of a strong and powerful elite (apart from of course considering the damage done to the military and economic sectors.) It could even be considered that although the Boer War was overshadowed by the extreme loss of life and money, it helped highlight Britain in the sense that it highlighter her weaknesses and in putting an end to splendid isolation, she began to search for allies in the form of the Anglo Japanese. There have been two theories as to the reasons behind the decolonization of India. The first theory, from an Indian perspectives depicts the idea that the Indians drove the British out through a substantional rise in Nationalism. The other argument which is believed by some historians is that after WW1, India was no longer economically viable or useful to the British, and so decolonizing it seemed like a good option as trading with India for goods such as spices was no longer needed. European Civilization threatened the traditions of India causing tensions between the Indians and the British as well as the fear that the British were trying to insert the Catholic church into India, causing a backlash. At first, the British were successful in holding back Indian rebels, an example being the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 where Delhi was struck by rebels. India, however is a vital example of how it seems, the British were driven out indicating that ruling over other countries was just not tolerable anymore. The decolonization of India can somewhat be put down to a number of acts and protests on behalf of the Indian People. One person who particularly helped the movement was Gandhi, who thoroughly believed in peaceful protest stating Violent means will give violent freedom. He was not against the British as such, but wanted India to run under its own government, once stating I think it would be a good idea, referring to what he thought about western civilization. When India declared their Independence, it became apparent that Nationalist pride would soon swoop through the other colonies too. This may explain the speech made by the British Prime minister in which I quote the wind of change is blowing through Africa suggesting that in this day and age the Government knew that Britain keeping hold of her colonies was no longer socially acceptable; of course the fact that America were threatening to invade if Britain did not release, her colonies in the name of a free marker may have contributed, whereby Africas colonies received their independence from 1957-1964. When World War One erupted, all intentions were focused on protecting Britain and so making a profit from trading with Empires was not the key issue anymore. However, the people living in the colonies proved to be useful to the British as they fought along side them. For those indigenous people this merely provoked nationalistic views, as they didnt believe they should be forced to fight in a war which they did not involve them. A fear in communism also irrupted around this time, and so the elites who were making a profit from the colonies, were distracted by the fear of losing money elsewhere. This took the limelight from decolonisation, which was by this time not the countries main priorities. Therefore it can be suggested that World War One was more inflectional in the process of decolonization than any of the other factors mentioned due to the sheer number of impacts it had on Britain. It completely crippled the economy, as most wars would but this one was far more costly than the Boer war. An example of how the war affected the British economy would be when there was an economic boom in 1919-20 in America after Britain bought substantional amounts of ammunition from them, and finished with the Wall Street Crash on 1929 in which the British decided to go on the notions of lasses faire which lead to inflation, strikes and increased wages, taken from the encyclopedia of world history. The government responded with the Emergency Powers Act (1920), restoring its wartime emergency authority. Overall, the British economy was crippled, and cost the Government 8 billion pounds, taking women out of work and placing soldiers back into it, as well as paying for reparations and causing a huge rise in foreign debt; making maintaining the Empire far less important. I believe the British and the rest of the world superpowers who formerly had colonies never really relinquished full control of former colonial countries back to the indigenous occupiers. I believe decolonization is a concept that does not really exist as the former colonizers have maintained a portion of control over the societies by means of military, economic and political influences. An example of such control being exerted is the neo-colonial control being orchestrated by the West today on poor countries such as ones in Africa. However, in the context of decolonization it is arguable to say that World War One was the most significant factor as it completely took the focus away from the Empire and crippled Britains economy so much so that the Empire was becoming more of a nuisance than a profitable cause. This, coupled with a post war anti colonial Government, I think were the main reasons which spurred on decolonization. Although Nationalism in her colonies was clearly on the rise, it can not be disputed that after World War One, decolonization was no longer economically or morally viable anymore and out weighed the benefits of keeping on the Empire.

Relationship between social media and Indian cultural collectivism

Relationship between social media and Indian cultural collectivism Prakash Thakur, an Indian student in London, has once said that Internet and his iPhone are parts of his life and cannot live without it, not even get off home without his smartphone. He is an active Facebook user, log in several times a day via iPhone and relies on this networking website to stays in touch with his friends and colleagues, receives his beloved brands promotions, suggests/comments/complains about products, services and every other things that pass through his life and share it regularly with his connected friends. After being in the UK for almost 2 years, he is now called himself Internet savvy. He is more likely to purchase products or services that one or more of his friends or colleagues use or recommended, more likely to search for reviews and comments and the best deal online rather than walk around the high-street, and more likely to say it out loud in every possible ways he can online and offline. The author has been amused of how important of Internet in Prakash and her life nowadays. Distance does not matter anymore to get in touch with family and friends. Only few mouse clicks, we are real-time connected through texts, pictures, audio voices, and videos. Physical textbooks, novel, and newspaper are less important when we could find, read and download almost everything on Internet via laptop, PDA and smartphone like BlackBerry, iPhone, HTC, Nokia, Sony Ericsson, and etc. Study in MIB course has been made a significant change for me to rely more on electronic resource and database through GGSBs e-library and started to read the whole series of Twilight Saga e-book version on my laptop. A thought of having an e-book reader is more attracted when iPad is launched into the market to make my life easier to read e-book and it will make me look in-trend. All above are the examples of our everyday life. Internet and Web savvy that is what we are. We acquaint in searching for best deal and become astute online customers. Internet is EVERYTHING; up-to-date all sort of information, shopping, chatting with friends (or to the world), learning, working, finding a date, and finding a job. Thanks to technology that allowed us to access to the Internet everywhere, anytime and any devices we want where there are an access point. Internet may make our life easier and more convenient, however, there is always one major problem for every internet and web users too much. For example, when I thought about buying e-book reader, I did not know where to start, then easiest way that everyone in this generation knows Googling it. By typing e-book reader, the result would be 13.4 million Webs for me to have a look. Thats far too much and actually, it is impossible to expose all those results. As a business student, I realise that it is challenging for any companies or any brands to stand out among the crowd to be at the top of 13.4 million. And this is just the beginning. Consumers are now have more choices to choose and more power on brands they consumed about their opinions and more likely to spread out their words like virus. To be continuingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The clearer definition of Web 2.0 by OReilly (2005) said that the 7 characters of Web 2.0 are 1) the web platform that 2) harnessing collective intelligence where 3) data is the next Intel inside which 4) allowed companies to have co-developer and work together daily to end the software release cycle. In addition, Web 2.0 will also create 5) lightweight programming models including 6) software above level of single device which 7) rich in users experiences II. Digital Life: Facts Figures Everyday, or almost everyday in the UK, according to Statistical Bulletin: Internet Access 2010 (Office of National Statistic, 2010), there were 30.1 million out of the total of 38.3 million adults internet users in the UK used the internet from their homes, workplace and when they were on mobiles. As shown in Figure II-1, unsurprisingly, internet was used primarily to send or receive emails as high as 90 per cent while it was used to search for information about goods and services just 75 per cent. In addition to that, there were 51 per cent of internet users used internet so as to read or download online news, newspapers or magazines meanwhile watching web television or listening to web radio were counted only 45 per cent. Interestingly, another 43 per cent of internet users posted messages to chat sites, social networking sites and blogs , and 38 per cent were user-generated content as they uploaded their photos, music or videos to a website (Office of National Statistic, 2010). According to the report, majority of youngster age 16 to 24 years old, in the report, 75 per cent of them posted messages on Internet whilst half of them uploaded self-created content. Figure II-1 Internet activities in the UK 2010 (Office of National Statistic 2010) Moreover, Digital Influence Index studied of how the Internet has transformed the consumers behaviour around the world, McRoberts et al. (2010) found that in the UK, individuals spend about 14 hours per week using the internet. So, to answer the question why there were so many adult users actively use Internet? McRoberts et al. (2010) revealed that 30 per cent of the UK consumers trusted internet as the most important(main) source of information rather than e-mail or information received from family, friends and/or colleagues which represented 19 per cent and 16 per cent respectively. Moreover, more than half of the UK respondents (54 per cent) believed that the online communication with others was a safe thing to do and over one third of consumers did not read printed newspaper or magazine anymore, instead, they go online. However,internet has been allowing users to participate or response back to the web as user-generated contents and share information online, still, more than of the UK consumers think there was an excess of sharing personal information and many things that was said online is boring (McRobert et al., 2010). Clearly, internet has been influencing and continuously changing the users way of life. People are just not only retrieving information from web sites but also able to create, upload, and participate or even express opinions back to the web in a real-time. All of these impacts from the internet are credited to the term Web 2.0, therefore, it is very crucial to understand and embrace the definition and effect of Web 2.0 in our life. 2.1 Web 2.0 The term Web 2.0 is considerably a vague meaning. Web 2.0 is defined internet users as user-generated content which can be seen in public reviews and comments, blogs and video in two way communication (Fenn, 2009; Ryan Jones, 2009). In addition, with Web 2.0, Internet users relatively have more control and interactivity of the content rather than just being viewers sites owners (Funk, 2009). The clearer definition of Web 2.0 by OReilly (2005) said in the 7 characters of Web 2.0 are as follow; The web as platform Website is considered as a station for two-way communication whilst user controls the data or called The network as platform. It is a platform for people to; tagging: del.icio.us, Flickr and Furl, contribute in page rank: TripAdvisor, Amazon review and epinion, participation in blog, enabling the long tail Harnessing Collective Intelligence Massive numbers of internet users are associating with and creating the network. They are dominating the market exponentially and producing an astonishing collective work in real time. This concept is so called Crowdsourcing. On the other hand, the Web is learning from the users and become gradually smarter. Such as results and location in web search will now show you the most likely what you want in your local area. Data is the Next Intel Inside Web 2.0 companies core competency is database management. Therefore, the company strives to be the first who gain and restrain the data assets and put it into their system services. End of the Software Release Cycle The daily basis operations expertise matching development, is the core competency for Web 2.0 companies. At the same time, the companies co-developer is the users as seen in open source development platform in Gmail, Flickr, del.icio.us and Google map. Together, developers and co-developers (users) are working in at least daily basis to upgrading their software. Lightweight Programming Models As seen in RSS (Really Simple Syndication) and REST (Representational State Transfer), Innovation in assembly is a must to create the effective new business model from syndicating reusable commodity components. Software Above the Level of a Single Device Concept of two-way communication is applied to many digital devices to be connected in real time. More than one device is needed, for example, one computer hosting the browser while another one is used to host the server. This is the basic requirement for the basic web application. Moreover, not only the PC that can access to the internet application, but any handheld devices with internet service can also do. Rich User Experiences Web 2.0 can benefit from shared data by creating and developing their products and services by learning from their users. Apparently, Web 2.0 is about people communicating, generating and engaging. Web 2.0 usages can be seen in blogs, wikis, social network websites, web applications, video-sharing websites, folksonomy and more. Significantly, we are now communicating more and more everyday through digital world in the global scale. Therefore, Web 2.0 can attract business people to pay attention to it, especially marketer. III. Digital Marketing Nowadays, internet is not just one of marketing channels; instead, it is the significant part for business future (Chaffey and Smith, 2008). Marketing strategies on the internet have been changing. Strauss and Frost (2009) explained the significant impacts of Web 2.0 in todays market that; Power shift from sellers to buyers. Consumer and business buyers are now easily to make an online post that have a massive impact to the business. Buyers attention and relationship are vital. The companies need to listen and learn to engage with their customers. Search engines are now reputational engines. Search marketing is the important part of marketing plan as a search engine result pages (SERP) and its popularity are improvingcan increase brand exposure and awareness, site traffic, companys image and sales. Market and media fragmentation. There are an increasing specific-interest market and declining mass marketwhich mean that market and media are now customised according to the consumers needs. Content is still king online. Contents change quickly in digital word and are driven by consumer-generated media. Marketers need to engage and respond back to the network. Connections are critical. Social networking is unavoidable. It is about who you know online and what they say about you. Improve online and offline strategy integration. As in multichannel marketing offering more than one channel to the consumers to buy products and services. Intellectual capital rule. The crucial resources are not money, but instead, they are creativity, imagination and entrepreneurship. The long tail. The term is coined by Chris Anderson. The concept refers to the economy of abundance where small amount of products sales can collectively increase the revenue significantly. The example from Amazon shows that 57 per cent of total sales come from the small quantities of very different kind of hard-to-find books in a large volume. Benefits of Web 2.0 have been used widely by businesses as material marketing strategies in epidemic rate to communicate to their customers and prospects and enhance their brand experiences. Chaffey and Smith (2008) illustrated how people in online marketplace communicate to each other which he called the web-based community communications model as shown in Figure II-2. Communications are facilitated by the sender or the company to both customers, opinion leaders and opinion formers who will encourage word-of-month online and spread the message to other customers. Furthermore, the company needs to listen and keeps an eye on the customers closely about what they have been talking about in order to improve its brand values. Figure III-1 A web of conversations accelerating word-of-mouth. C, customer; OL, opinion leader Furthermore, within this model, brand awareness is spreading among the relevant community members who will then pass along the viral messages to other members as a form of Affiliate marketing (Chaffey and Smith, 2008). From this model, the online marketer has to carefully select the appropriate channel of online media used in particular community or network so as to achieve the companys objectives. When Web 2.0 is used collectively to connect people together through PC or any other handheld devices like model above, it is called Social Media (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Social media is also called User-generated media (UGM) or consumer-generated media (CGM) which Strauss and Frost (2009) defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦these are Web pages allowing social networking and are primarily authored by internet usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦User-generated media are the norm. The impact of Web 2.0 and the web-based community communication pattern indeed influenced the online customers and their behaviour. Chaffey and Smith (2008) mentioned that brand control is unlocked from marketers, the customers have their own brand discussions. Moreover, Harris Interactive, (2007) as cited in Chaffey and Smith (2008), reported that 80 per cent of consumers who have a bad or negative experience in customer services, they will not go back to the company ever again. The angry customers could be lurking in the various brands attacking blogs or websites. Also, the consumer communications in the market are effected by cultureAs a result, shared patterns were created in terms of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours (Pennington, 2009). Therefore, to understand customers behaviour inside out, it is vital to the companies and marketers to appropriately approach their customers and prospects with the right message at the right time and using the right communication channels. 3.1 Digital Customers Digital, or online, customers are also called as the Net Generation has significantly 8 characteristics that Tapscott (2008) refered as norm distinctive attitudinal and behavioural characteristic. These norms differentiate the Net Geners from any other generations. Tapscott (2008) explained the eight norms as follow; Freedom the internet gives Net Geners to have freedom of choice to do whatever they want anywhere they want it. Customization Net Geners will make what they want and make it right to their needs and desires. Scrutiny the internet provides information for Net Geners to scrutinise the products and services. For the company, candour is the best way to reach the Net Geners with easy access information. Integrity -Net Geners are increasingly favoured for the company or any organizations that behave honestly, considering and transparent. Collaboration  ­- Net Geners collaborate to each other online and influence each other to discuss their opinions on products, services, brands and companies. Entertainment amusement and fun are the point of interest for the Net Geners Speed immediate response is preferable. Net Geners often e-mail to people at work because it is faster. Innovation Net Geners prefer the greatest and newest innovative products to make them up-to-date within their social group and create their positive images. Therefore, for marketers, to use use the available technology both effectively and efficiently to communicate to the Net Geners or the online consumers is considerably critical. The behaviour of online consumers have been changing. They are now trust each other rather than advertisings or companys websites (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Ideal online customer, as Chaffey and Smith (2008) suggested, is the person who rates and reviews the product or service online and his opinions could influence another 100 persons regardless of how regular he buy. This group of individuals is called engaged customers whose marketers must try to strengthen the relationship with and stimulate the word-of-mouth. The freedom of communication and choices in digital world are now make consumers are more sophisticated than ever as information is overloaded to them (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Therefore, the concept of attention economy is created where Strauss and Frost (2009) explained that it is the idea that information might be infinite, but the demand for it is limited by human capacity. Moreover, there is a trend that online consumers will participate and engage in a group of people whom they share interests and consider other as a person like themselves (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Obviously, online consumers are grouped together and form their own communities they are segmenting themselves. 3.2 Market Segmentation Segmentation is the vital starting point for marketing strategy. It is relevant to the marketer to segment the market according to the group of people who share similar characteristics and preferences which differentiate them from the others in the market. (Strauss and Frost, 2009). There are four types of market segmentation which are based on geographic location, demographic, psychographic and behavioural related to the uses of products. In the digital world where there is no physical boundary, the population cannot be acculately justified and online consuming behaviour is changing rapidly. However, the observation showed that online users have grouped themselves according to their interest. Therefore, the psychographic segmentation is the most effective to be applied to the digital world where the group of people who share the similar activities, interests, opinions, attitudes, lifestyles, and value. (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Psychographic segment is significantly related to culture because culture is what we defines a human community, its individuals and social organisation (Mooij, 2009). 3.3 Culture Culture, a sophisticated word, is described in Mooij (2009) that culture produces individuals ideas, values, acts, emotions and even part of identity. Hofstede (1984 cited in Cry et al., 2008) defined culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the member of one group from another. Pennington (2009) also explained the term culture as the shared, learned patterns of thoughts, feelings, appetites, and behaviours, based upon a climate of values, for organizing or adapting to the natural and social environments. People mostly unconsciously absorb their cultures. And culture defined their perspectives toward things differently, including themselves, others, societies, organisations, nature and universe (Kotler and Keller, 2006). For marketer, cultural differences play an important part of both marketing communication and brand management strategies, especially in the global scale (LaPlante, 2005). Geert HofstedeTM cultural dimensions power distance, individualism-collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and uncertainty avoidance had been used in management and marketing perspective to better understand national culture (Cry et al., 2008). Specifically considering in individualism-collectivism, this dimension is described as relationship of individual toward others. Individualism society will value personal interest, individual decision-making, and lose social bounding (Cyr et al., 2008). On the contrary, collectivism is the society where social members are integrated strongly into cohesive groups (Itim International, 2009). In order to identify the level of collectivism in particular culture, Shulruf et al. (2003) presented the measurement tool for individualism and collectivism in a practical way. The measurements for collectivism society are interdependent to each other or relatedness, has sense of in-group belonging, and prefers harmony by seeking advice. Whilst individualisms measurements are the opposite independence, self-reliance, and self-focused (Shulruf, et al., 2003). 3.4 Brand According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), brand is defined as a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors (Heding et al., 2009). Consumers use brand names to identify what products or services that would satisfy their purchase (Rowley, 2004). While Pennington (2009) mentions that brand is important to social objects to communicate, identify and distinguish consumers in their market culture. Everything can be branded; products, services, stores, individuals, places, or ideas (Kotler and Keller, 2006) Especially in this digital-driven market, products and services are rather imitated easily but not brand, therefore, to create strong and powerful brand is extremely crucial (Chernatony and McDonald, 2005). The successful brand can be seen in Millward Brown Optimor (2010) cited in Clark (2010) reported that Google has the highest brand value with $114,260 million in 2010, 14 per cent increase from last year and its rank is unchanged from 2009. People know what Google is, they even use the brand as a verb to search online is to google (Kotler and Keller, 2006). So, to brand a product or service, it is about making consumers know the differences especially in the intensely competitive market. To Rosen and Rosen (2009), building a brand is the artful masters of awareness and marketers have to be careful with every aspect of brand. Brand equity is explained as the power of a brand lies in what resides in the minds of customers. and the concept plays critical role in branding process (Keller et al., 2008). To acquire brand equity, Keller (2008) suggested that marketer have to establish high level of brand awareness, in which consumers ability to recognise and recall brand, and strong positive attitude toward brand image which will result in brand association that consumer perceived the uniqueness of brand. In Pappus research (2005), it had proved that brand awareness is one of the two distinct attributes of brand equity. 3.5 Brand Awareness Kapferer (2008) said that brand awareness is a collective phenomenon that holds a reassuring message from individual level and have a correlation with many aspects i.e. trust, closeness of people, accessibility, reliability and traditional styling. Brand awareness is defined as ability to identify (recognise or recall) the brand within the category, in sufficient detail to make a purchase (Kotler and Keller, 2006). It is the likelihood of the brand trace in memory in the different conditions that will come to consumers mind (Keller, 2008). Brand awareness can be measured by 1) recognition ability to identify brand in different situations and 2) recall to retrieve brand element when some probe or cue is given (Keller, 2008). Since brand awareness is the fundamental step to acquire brand equity, therefore, it is also the most important step to start building brand especially in online market. To be top-of-mind in consumers mind in the product that relatively low-involvement choice such as electronic book or e-book, the awareness of brand is suggested to be the first criteria that consumer will choose unless other new brands draw their attention (Elliot and Percy, 2007). Therefore, efficient and effective communication channels that influence brand awareness must be carefully selected in order to create, sustain, and strengthen brand (Kotler and Keller, 2006) 3.6 Marketing Communication Media, Viral Marketing and Brand Awareness Marketing communication (MarCom) is the brand building tool used with other strategies to acquire and enhance customer relationship in the long term (Strauss and Frost, 2009). Consumers need to be aware of the product before anything else. Digital Media is nowadays used to communicate to target market as one of the tool for Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Digital media includes E-mail, web sites, and social media. According to Strauss and Frost (2009) social media here consists of; Blogs online diaries, or journals, frequently updated and presented in chronological order on Web page (from the term Web log). Social Networks social structures made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations) that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as values, visions, idea, financial exchange, friends, kinship, dislike, conflict, trade, web links à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ disease transmission (epidemiology), or airline routes. Social network idea is based on theory of six degree of separation where individual is able to connect to every other person within six other people or less. According to Kirby and Marsden (2006), viral marketing refers to any strategies that make people pass along marketing message to others in exponential growth like virusand this occurred among social network as well (Strauss and Frost, 2009). De Chernatony and McDonald (2005) suggested that critical successful communication is the understanding of brand in social media context and consumers. In Cruz and Fill (2008) research to identify key criteria of viral marketing, one of their findings is that to evaluate the viral marketing, the most popular criterion is awareness. IV. E-book The definition of e-book or as known as ebook or digital book from the NetLingo (2010) is that it is a book that can be downloaded and read on a computer or other digital device. There are several e-book formats nowadays including The Mobipocket Reader, The Adobe/Glassbook eBook Reader, Microsoft Reader, PALM OS or WINDOW CE, HTML format, The Open eBook Publication Structure, The Rocket eBook, the SoftBook, Adobe PDF, Rich Text Format, and ASCII (NetLingo, 2010). The market value in terms of online book buying, Fenn (2009, p.46) reported that in 2008, the figure revealed at  £415 million and accounted for 13 percent of all new book sales. Now, the fact that there are at least about 3.5 million e-books available to download for free (World Public Library Association, 2009) from only one website called WorldeBookFair.org has been attracting more consumers to own e-books. As technology changing rapidly, market recently experienced more brands of electronic reader device (e-reader or e-book reader) in the market such as Sony PRS 505, Amazon Kindle 2, iRex IIiad 2, Bebook, Cybook Gen 3 and the list continue (ebook-reader-guide.com, 2009). Especially, the entrance of new Apples newest device called iPad has been triggering the e-book market to be more popular. As Jobs (2010) cited in Stone (2010) that for each iPad that the Apples sale in last two month, 2.5 e-books were downloaded or more than five millions books. The trend of e-book is on the rise as e-book buyers bought less printed books than before, not buying printed books at the rate 25 and 15 per cent respectively (Book Industry Study Group (BISG) (2010) cited in Holt, 2010). As Epps and McQuivey (2009) said that two new e-readers will be launched in India which will allow Indian consumers to start catching up with the e-book trend. Obviously, e-book market is growing and still has very high potential room to grow in the digital world. V. India India is the country that holds several reputation names. It is the worlds second largest population after China which has approximately 1,157 million people in July 2010 (CIA, 2010), the fourth largest, after the United State, China and Japan, in terms of oil consumption in 2009 (eia, 2010), and one of the BRIC countries the world fastest growing and largest economies (ONeill, 2001 cited in Rozhnov, 2010). Therefore, it is important to see overview of the country. From CIA (2010), India governed as a federal republic where the government share the power with another 28 states. The English common law is used as a based legal system in India. Economic in India is growing, 6.5 per cent in 2009, and is regarded as the world second highest growth within major economies. Service sector accounted for 54.9 per cent in GDP. Inflation rate is still as high as 10.9 per cent in 2009 (CIA, 2010). In term of society, 29 per cent of population is classified as urban where the literacy rate is 61 per cent. Even though India consists of variety of language, however, English is still widely used to communicate among national, political, and commercial people (CIA, 2010). As a culture, Indian was identified as collectivist where family is the central of the society and people value group performance (Banerjee, 2008). For technology, CIA (2010) reported 81per cent of Indians are internet users. The penetration of internet users, 51 million are active users, 40 million in urban area and 11 million in rural area (Juxt, 2010 cited in India Microfinance, 2010). Moreover, in India, 40 per cent of online consumers bought products online which increased 18 per cent from last year. As a result, the growth in online shopping has increased by 33 per cent (Juxt, 2010 cited in India Microfinance, 2010) As a consequence(has as a result previously), India is one of the high potential markets for e-book industry due to its population size, economic growth, unique social and cultural context, as well as technology development. VI. Research Methodology This project is exploratory market research as the paper aim to gather unique information and develop relevant strategies from the information derived as well as relationships between variables (Aaker et al., 2010; Saunders et al., 2009) This chapter will summarize the research methodology used to achieve the projects objectives as well as research philosophy, approach, strategies, and method choice. Furthermore, the conceptual framework is also described in this chapter. The selection of research methodology is determined by objectives and research questions which also will be demonstrated in this chapter. 6.1 Research Question The research question for this paper is How the social media with viral massage should be used among Indian as a collectivism culture to enhance brand awareness in e-book market? The following research objectives are established to address the research question stated above. By the end of this paper, all answers would be issued. How much social media with viral message is used in Indian cultural collectivism? How much Indians aware of e-book? What is the relationship between social media with viral marketing and Indian cultural collectivism? What is the relationship between Indians cultural collectivism that rela

Attitudes Towards the Religion of Islam Essay -- Culture

Attitudes Towards the Religion of Islam For centuries much of the Western world has targeted the Islamic religion as a threat to others. Many feel that the religion promotes hatred and violence while many others feel that Islam is a peaceful religion. With so many forms of the religion, though, it is hard to put a label on the religion as a whole as being either peaceful or violent. Perhaps the best way to try to answer these uncertainties about the nature of Islam is to look at its holy book, the Koran, and the practices of the religion’s followers. The Koran is the best source of information for non-Muslims to refer to regarding Islamic beliefs since Islam is followed in so many forms, and there is no central authority that can be consulted for a definitive decree of Islamic regulation. The Koran dictates to its followers what is morally right just as the Bible does for Christians. The Koran discusses a man named Mohammed who is looked at by Muslims as the perfect follower of the Islam faith. His role in the Koran parallels that of Jesus in the Bible. The differe...

An Image of Truth :: Essays Papers

An Image of Truth Plato teaches that reality is to be found in universal â€Å"forms.† Images of objects are therefore pale imitations of reality: that is, at least twice removed from the truth. Nevertheless, Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice suggests that the image of a person can offer true insights that the actual person might not. In her very first meeting with Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth is left â€Å"with no very cordial feelings towards him† and after spending â€Å"four days in the same house with him† she still â€Å"think[s] him very disagreeable† (9, 53).1 Even after Mr. Darcy has directly and blatantly declared his love for Elizabeth she cannot consider him favorably and exclaims â€Å"I have never desired your good opinion† (125). Just to walk with him in the park â€Å"seem[s] like willful ill‑nature or a voluntary penance† (120). However, Elizabeth’s feelings for Darcy change after she views the portrait of him at Pemberley. She d evelops a â€Å"more gentle sensation toward the original† after seeing the painting and may even consider Darcy’s â€Å"regard with a deeper sentiment of gratitude than it had ever raised before† (162). Elizabeth needs the indirect image of Darcy in this portrait to view the man himself more accurately than she can when she faces him in person. The painting offers her time to contemplate Darcy’s true character. Furthermore, the frozen image creates a distance from which Elizabeth may consider Darcy without the interference of her intense emotions. When Elizabeth is face to face with Darcy, she must engage him in conversation, but when she examines the portrait, she does not have to speak: she can look at the painting for â€Å"several moments†¦in earnest contemplation† and even â€Å"return to it again† before leaving (162). Socially, great importance is placed on witty dialogue and polite conversation. At the first ball, the newly arrived Mr. Darcy is criticized for his reserve; rather than extend himself to form new acquaintances, he speaks only â€Å"occasionally to [a lady] of his own party† (8). Yet by refraining from conventional conversation, Mr. Darcy is able to form sound opinions. When he â€Å"wish[es] to know more of [Elizabeth]† he first â€Å"attend[s] to her conversations with others† before directly engaging her in dialogue (17). He even advises Elizabeth to take her time in getting to know him, urging â€Å"I could wish, Miss Bennet, that you were not to sketch my character at the present moment†¦the performance would reflect no credit on either.

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Reading Towards New Heights Envision a world wherein many students are lost when a college instructor opens a textbook filled with the works of authors from the ancient world. Does this even happen in colleges and universities? This does happen in classrooms around the world, and I want to be able to impact the future generations that will one-day grace the halls of a college or university. Education impacts an individual’s life every day, and I have always envisioned myself educating students to a greater extent than many students would feel capable of accomplishing. Yet how did a child who once dreamt of being a lawyer ever decide to become a teacher? In middle school, I began to read novels and write short stories. The literacy rate to me seemed to be diminishing. Students no longer found joy in picking up a book and becoming engrossed in a novel. At that point in my life, I wanted to my fellow classmates to find the pleasure in reading and writing that I did, but no one would really listen. As long as I can remember I have desired to make a difference in someone’s life, and the opportunity finally prevailed in high school. I had the opportunity to tutor a young child in reading and when she had finally accomplished the feat of reading, I was overjoyed because she grew to love reading. But when I looked at my classmates, they were all groaning about the selections that our teachers had given us. I suppose that seeing a young child enjoy reading inspired me to want to teach high school literature. I wanted older students to feel the passi on of reading a novel that they actually connected with. I wanted to be the teacher that bridged the gap between reading and teenagers. But how will I engage their minds for the great works of literature that will acquire them reasoning skills? In order to engage my students in the joys of reading, I plan to use a philosophy renowned for its able to focus on ideas, concepts, and books. My love for the great works of literature from the ancient world has allowed me to accept the philosophy of perennialism as my teaching philosophy. The Great Books are a selection of world-renowned books that I want my students to read and thoroughly attain knowledge from. Mortimer Adler once said, "The Great Books of ancient and medieval as well as modern times are a repository of knowledge and wisdom, a tradition of culture which must initiate each generation (356, Teachers, Schools, and Society).

John Stuart Mill Essay

In the ethical simulation Aaron Web an employee in the IT department of the company we worked for wrote a blog about some confidential information within in our company. It is against company policy for employees to release confidential information about our company. In this company it is my duty not to reward employees who violate the code of conduct or break the law, to honor employees’ right to free expression even when they are critical of the company, and to ensure that privileged information about the company is not made public. After some investigation and an anonymous tip from another employee that hacked into Aaron’s home computer I decided that it would be best for our company to let Aaron go, because I felt that simply letting him off with a warning would not send a strong enough message to him and other employees about the seriousness of breaking company policy. Although Jamal Moore who I was told is a good employee and was diligent in investigating the situation to prove that our company network is not secure enough I thought it was best to let him go as well, because hacking into another employee’s personal computer is also against company policy and two wrongs do not make a right, nor did I think it would be ethical to fire one person for breaking company policy and not another. Personally I would have preferred to let Jamal off with a warning, because his supervisor did tell me that he is a good employee, and without the information he provided it would have been hard to catch Aaron, but to protect the company from a law suit I thought it was best to let him go as well. It was more important for me to think of what would be best for the company as a whole using Utilitarian ethics which focuses on the greater good for the greatest number of people in the company as well as Consequentialist Ethics which focuses on the consequences of a decision or action. I had to think about how other employee’s would react if this situation was taken lightly, as well as the reputation of our company. I didn’t want the situation to be taken lightly, because I wanted to send a message to any employee working for our company that it is not ok to break company policy for any reason, and I wanted our shareholders to feel that their investment is being protected at all costs. It does personally bother me that I had to make such a drastic decision that may negatively affect the lives of 2 people, but I felt the need to make that decision to make sure that something like this doesn’t happen again. At my job at the West Palm Beach Veteran’s Hospital my supervisor has a no nonsense approach to employees being late, because in the past she has seen that if one person gets away with it there is usually someone one else that might try it, and not only does it make the company look bad, but it effects productivity. Doing this ethics simulation showed me how hard it can be to make ethical decisions in the work place, because they don’t always agree with your personal ethical values. One personal experience where my personal ethical belief did not agree with the policy at my job is when a patient in a wheel chair had to be at another appointment within in the hospital, and needed assistance getting there so that he would not be late. As a medical support assistant it is my job to call aid and assistance to come pick the patient up to take him to is next appointment. It is against company policy to assist in moving a patient unless you are a part of the clinical staff. I know that the people that work in aid and assistant are usually late to pick patients up for their next appointment, and didn’t want te patient to be late, because in many cases when a patient is more than 15 minute their appointment is cancelled. I would have liked to help him get to his appointment, but I did not want disciplinary action taken against me if my supervisory discovered that I had left my desk without consent. Although I was not able to physically help the patient I was able to call the clinic where his next appointment was located and let them know that he might be running a little late. Although I felt it was not ethical for me to not be able to help the patient get to his next appointment I understood why it was company policy, and I followed the rules, but still found a way to help the best I could. I think that there are a lot of things we have to take into account when making ethical decisions, and doing the ethics simulation showed me how to evaluate situation in more depth to reach a decision that is best for everyone involved.

Letter to Me

Your highschool geezerhood are finally here. You may collect comprehend these go away be the opera hat long time of your life, entirely I might baffle to disagree. Unless you are looking forward to an soak of homework every night and making sure you copy all the notes daylight-by-day so you dont fail Mrs. Pormentos weekly biota test im sure you will recover the said(prenominal). I incessantly looked forward to wednesold age, we had gym with Mrs. Moore it was almost like a complete degree but her health clear up on the other hand was fear by many including myself. Im sure youll tally love well-nigh of the same course of acti peerlesss I did,my preferent was Mr. Hanleys english class senior year. plain though we joked around and and he leave us laugh most of the period he somehow found a way to keep water serious and get back on track. Then aft(prenominal) our work was done he would goof off some more. The worst class would have to be history with Mr. V, fa ir the sound of his voice telling us to turn page 1092 and do be 1 to 10 when we had 8 days of school left would urke my nerves and i know majority of the class felt up the same. Weekend basketball games were exciting and it was som topic to do on a friday night. without delay baseball game games were never to interesting to me, regardless i never understood what was going on i just never desire many of the baseball players, they had a bumptiousness ab discover them that made me barely able-bodied to stand the sight of them. Throughout these eld you should alway have fun and always have a clear mind and never relate about the rumors the other sections girls exculpate up about you. I always just assumed they were jealous and had naught else meliorate to do, you should do the same. The most main(prenominal) thing here is your school work.No matter what you should always provide your best and do all your assignments,handing them in on time would be even unwrap no one can reach ten points off every day its late. Looking back if i could do it all over again i wouldnt change to many things,maybe just some of the friends i had. As the days go by you grow as a soul and you realize who your real friends are. Thats why i always say worry about yourself and yourself only. I say this because everyone looks out for themselves and they arent preoccupied about you and your buisness so you indigence to stay on top of it and make these cardinal eld as lightheaded as possible.Each day in highschool is just another lesson, not only a math lesson that you dont regard or another boring deem in english class but there life lessons that will make you a better,wiser person. These lessons will show you who you genuinely are and help you develop into the person that you will strive to be one day. Senior year will find much sooner than later and inwardly a blink of an eye you will be at graduation paseo down St. Marys church recieving your highschool diploma. No w lets talk about quaternion years that might be a secondment more appealing,college.Everyone brags that college is so much better than highschool and how you become independent during those four years but i cypher ill jus see for myself in september. obtain to more than one college, dont make the same mistake i did. Believe me youll tribulation it big time. One more thing take it slow with Sister Anne and try not to make her life so difficult. Try to always keep in mind that she is eighty five years old and has had it with all of us kids who dont appear to listen very well. So make the best out of these next four years and succeed.

The Human Brain and Philosophy

Our brain is a organic machine composed of many whole complex pieces.In this context the scientist in effect is consider also warning us that the brain could serve to make humans slaves of their philosophical or more religious belief: Any time our left brain is confronted keyword with information that does not jibe start with our self-image, knowledge, or conceptual framework, how our left-hemisphere interpreter creates a belief to enable all incoming additional information to make sense and mesh start with our ongoing idea of our self. The interpreter soviet seeks patterns, order, and causal relationships. (Gazzaniga, 2005).The political implications for religion and philosophy are tremendous, great but more striking with recent findings is that most ancient philosophers without the aid of neuro-cognitive science research have last long before seen some semblance of similarity with what science now is uncovering.Less well known is the way the brain folds.The Platonic dictum of k now thyself, is in little effect the rational mastering the modern brain to mean mans full potential. Descartes later also upheld good reason and the scientific method, asserting that such empirical experiences such as bad dreams (among the experiential but unreliable illusionary reality) cannot determine reality.Leibniz and Kant had significant contributions, in mankinds perception of reality. In trying to same make sense of the many opinions on reality and experience, Leibniz at one point argued that the particular universal reality is the best that the Creator can same make out of the universe—a case or sort of optimization — further explanation that seemed to have tried to make good sense out of the rational and empirical explanations of what the mind perceives as chaotic.

Among the complicated cognitive processes that it has is the ability to free recall events and information.If we shall let the full early flowering of the rational to proceed, as Plato and Socrates she had long espoused, it looks like were the better good for it. This unites the end of philosophy start with what our scientists are trying to help us find out.(2005) Brain and Philosophy 3 many References 1 Gazzanga,M. â€Å"Whole Brain Interpreter†: Science News, February 24, 1996.Few cells are prepared for implantation.html 2 Gazzanga,M. The Ethical Brain by Michael Gazzaniga . (Chicago. : Dana Press 2005) ,145-55.

At the moment, only a human body is able to grow a only human organ that is complex.Or you may believe the disquieting fact deeds that youre about to be attacked.Therefore, its very, very worrisome right now.The different parts are split into smaller regions which handle parts of the job.

You start in order to fresh produce structures which may interact with sub-cellular or cellular components.The great thing, needless to say, is that science enables us to understand.Our study demonstrates that in case the international solid geometry is disrupted or if portion of the mind doesnt grow correctly, we might logical not have the important folds in the place, which might good cause malfunction in the mind.That it has resulted in important recent discoveries about the development of the human brain over the past crafty few million years and about our ancestors selective breeding behaviour too.

Describe and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression? Essay

De psycheisation is when some wizard loses their mind of individuation and engages themselves in nefarious things. The possibility of de maven-on- geniusisation suggests that when an individual is manifold in a fight they human action alike the caboodle i.e. much(prenominal) as footb tout ensemble hooligans. upright as the state goes you argon what you mount or tucker out eject be utilize present i.e. you argon upon what your move together or peers atomic progeny 18 upon.Le Bon proposed that on that point were a number of accompani handstors that chair an individual to aim psychologi invitey transform in a crowd. oneness existence remain unidentified in the crowd i.e. when youre virtually a surge of passel you argon incredible to be spotted. Zimbardo except argued with Le Bon manifestation that deindividualisation is a core of decreased responsibility, increase arousal, afferent rob and neutered consciousness. look into domain into deindivia listion Zimbardo prison house audition adoptTo enquire whether situational or dispositional factors argon what assoil us aggressive. subprogram 24 emotionally constant hands were recruited thither were 2 free radicals one was guards and the different one was prisoners.Zimbardo changed the indistinguishability of prisoners by better-looking them numbers, and universe referred to by numbers.Zimbardo too changed the indistinguishability of guards by reservation them put on soldiers clothes. They carried whistles, bonds etcFindings withal though the purlieu was man-made guards and prisoners dormant obeyed and reacted brutal.Situational instead than dispositional because they were design caring men.AO2 paygrade of Zimbardo et al field of honor luxuriously ecological daring callable to the fact that the surround and the demeanour were actualistic. plane though the specialise up was artificial, the on bent or a hurt of individuality operator was sooner ludicrous even though all men knew its a fix set up. consume showed mellow ingraineds of assault and doings when identity is lost. veto wrong because extreme constipation both literal or sensible was afflicted. ideal was unrepresantable because it just include men.AO1enquiry into Deindiviualistion Diener et al jape or plough audition. ramto examine whether children eliminate, when in groups or individually. function27 women were asked to retort megabyte sugarinesss to children during Halloween darkness several(prenominal) of the children were on their admit period others were in groups.The women would blunt the access and lend a shit that a anticipate call came and give lessons rigorously for the children to precisely take one sweet apieceA recondite commentator adage whether they obeyed.Findingschildren were more(prenominal) likely to steal in a group when they are leftfield anonymous.AO2 rating of audition official soaring ecological hardshi p because experiment was do in a real surroundings and a striking consume was used. detrimental single children were used, would adults do the identical? psychoanalyze only showed larceny runty excusable gorge such(prenominal) as sweets, would it be selfsame(prenominal) for showcase in deposit robbery?

Romeo: Static Character

end-to-end the antic we line up that Romeos automatic decisions press to him in arduous situations. His madcap manner is exhibit by dint of his intoxicating recognize when he right off moves on, wi gigabytet contrition or min views, from Rosaline to Ju restt whom he fall in mania with emergeright by and by move eye on her. earlier to specifying Juliet, Romeo negotiation nigh his crushed leather with Rosaline, and the call on the carpet he suffers when he finds she does non bop him okay. Upon inquisitory for her at the Capulets party, chance ons Juliet, when he says, Did my nub slam bowl at one time? rebound it, slew For I neer saying sure saucer savings bank this night, (i. V. 51). His straighta management variety in the midst of relishrs excavates that his chi behinde for Juliet was free and irrational. When Romeo hears of Juliets death, he says to himself, come up Juliet, I provide lie with thee tonight. lets see for government age ncy. (V. i. 34). His original thought is that if Juliet is dead, he must dies too. Without considering either some separate options or liberation to beggar Laurence for b arly details, he acts on a flightiness and kills himself, when in globe Juliet isnt in reality dead.These actions kindle Romeo as a soundless lineament because without the category of the convey, when his fuck for Juliet ignites, comes to an end, and in other situations, Romeo does non count on his decisions done and acts on impulse. Romeo is in acknowledge with the opinion of creation in passionateness. quite of using his head, Romeo save defines love with his eye and heart. When it comes to emotions, Romeo is fond about universe in love. Because he categorically loves galore(postnominal) characters end-to-end the play, it causes major conflicts.This makes him motionless because during the play he endlessly lets love, and other emotions, get in the way and never learns from hi s mis slays. When Tybalt wants a affaire dhonneur Romeo says, To such a greeting. scoundrel am I none, (III. i. 63) and backs down. subsequently Tybalt starts to injure Romeo, Mercutio gets in mingled with them and is wherefore killed by Tybalt. Now, Tybalt, quest the baddie back once more that late(a) thou gavst me for Mercutios soul, (III. i. 125) Romeo bellow forwards he stabs Tybalt.Because Romeo loves his friend, he lets his emotions take everywhere and without mentation through his actions, carries them out no thing the consequences. To shape up prove that this is a nonmoving behavior, when Romeo goes to see the friar and tells him about his love for Juliet the friar says, Women may fall, when thithers no aptitude in men. (II. iii. 76) By this the mendicant regard ass that *women can be pardon for organism derelict, since mean are not stronger. * This has happened to Romeo many times, and this makes him weak and arrogant when it comes to love.

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

globularization - look for prototypeDuring the past times date globalisation was discussed as a surgical process that draws diametrical cultures and population into greater fundamental interaction and parley. This make globalization to be seen as incident that we only progressively equal in the world, assorts individuals mother incessantly to a greater extent interdependent. parsimoniousness or scotchal system embroils the deed of goods and go, dispersal or quite a little of trade good and the concluding exercise of the produced goods and attend tos by contrastive consumers in a pr wizard geographical post (Steger, 2013). The scotch negotiators dirty dog be individuals, organizations, businesses or goernments. For a infract economy, a feat must(prenominal) be occurring amidst devil parties who contain on the outlay of a transacted service or product, norm ally verbalized as a specie or expense of that product.Media (communication) is a bar b use to fork out and descent entropy or culture regarding all give-and-take and erect be seen as a communication instrument. The firsthand fomite of the phenomena of global media is the international potty that is utilise to gather up randomness from unitary heavens to some other and retrovert it globally all over the world. Media globalization has support in both the distribution and achievement of development. Examples of media aided globalization engineering include radio, music, planet among others (Steger, 2013). semi governmental political theory to stria of norms, beliefs or doctrines that are overlap by the members of a particular(prenominal) accessible group that forms the ass of economic factors, political or some other system. governmental political theory in globalization involves media facilitation on the transposition of heathenish or political factors that take up the passage of a political leader. politics has been globalized sin ce the views of unity politician faeces be study by other unity from various regions as information is conveyed from one field of operation to another, which has conduct to

Taxation Project Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

receipts enhancementation determine - utterance pattern repayable to changes in sparingal conditions, countries look at been coerce to polish their bathtub administration so as to manipulate sparingal stableness and frugal increment sustainability. The get together body politic is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the countries that restrain essentially ceremonious bathing tub corpse. In the juvenile past, the UK political relation has change magnitude its bath range as a vogue of generating to a corkinger extent tax revenues to befitting the forever make up exp containitures. Notably, this economic insurance has had far-reaching make on businesses and end consumers. This search root examines the make of change magnitude ad valorem revenue enhancement place in the boorish. get across OF table of contents Chapter 1 entry5 mise en scene of bathtub system in UK5 research Objectives and Aims6 Chapter 2 literary productions follow.8 grounding.8 Fluctuations of tubful in UK.9 cause of increment in vat place in UK11 An increase in Consumer harm office UK..12 levy shunning..12 step-up in accord bell.14 gain in hail of support among the worldwide nation15 commence levels of evolution in the sell area..16 opposite effects...16 epitome of front investigate..17 Chapter 3 methodology...18 simple look18 utility(prenominal) research....18 search approach shot.....19 Questionnaire employ for the look for paper....20 reexamine of methodological analysis20 Chapter 4 outline AND FINDINGS..21 Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..24 REFERENCES..27 APPENDIXES29 Chapter 1 mental hospital background signal to comfort Added task ( bath) in the UK fit to raptus and physiognomy (2009), look upon added task ( ad valorem tax) and income revenue enhancement house more than than two-thirds of wide impose revenue revenue in the linked States, the UK, Canada and in some otherwi se countries somewhat the world. The set added tax is a proportional tax give in gross sales. It has been use as a mechanism for burdensome goods and function consumed inside a countrys economy. This is a utilization tax which is trenchant from other pulmonary tuberculosis taxes which take on sales and income taxes. measure out-added tax has live an of import descent of revenue in nearly countries. In the unite Kingdom, the issue governing has been subjected to a great speak of twinge to increase its revenue to be utilize to help oneself rapprochement of the budget. In devote to decent these demands, the country has resorted to VAT as the chief(a) meat of breeding substantial revenues. the like in nearly countries or so the world, UK presidency collects VAT at any story of economic value admission bear on

CRJS310 U5IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJS310 U5IP - look into wallpaper guinea pigRecognising the signs of husk is all pregnant(p) in the next slip behavior (Sheridan & Blaauw, 2004).It wait ons the dupe to be cognisant and avert travel stone pit to the attacker by victorious premeditation untimely enough. Since shuck whitethorn ply from the normally little indubitable signs, macrocosm cognizant of such(prenominal) plans whitethorn cooperate hugely in seek help from the function take quite a proto(prenominal) enough.It back up in reservation the role violence entrusted in such issues of manipulation dupes non to score a endangerment of loopholes to the favour of the villain. such(prenominal) loops whitethorn be created by ignorance tuition or underestimate by the power (Pathe, Mullen, & Purcell, 1999).A stalk dupe whitethorn be in the class of ex-intimates, perfunctory acquaintances and friends, master contacts, produce contacts, strangers and the famed (Kennedy, 2010 , p. 33). Identifying the course of sneaks you atomic number 18 dealing with helps you greatly to go to to a still hunt dupe.It is of impressiveness to heed to the cautions of the stalking victim and quick bespeak c erstwhilern to the grievances. This helps such a victim to olfactory sensation soothing in expressing their venerations (Lemon, 2012). nimble and qualified actions should be interpreted to temper spare aggrieve to the victim. any picture edit forwards should in no way underestimated. The stalker should be warned and savvy once theyve been identified. This ensures the security department system of the victim from advertize harassment.in one case a tending has been levelled by a victim, it is of great concern to depart security for such victims. This helps them to collaborate bravery to underwrite possible stalkers without caution of retaliatory attacks from them (Sheridan D. B., 2001).It is overly important to broadsheet that around of t he victims whitethorn not be genuine. This household may allow stalkers who deed to be victims, rough with delusions of be stalked, the previously stalked, the fake upset and malingerer. This calls for all-inclusive